Materials Literature
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We investigate a general class of electromagnetic devices created with any continuous transformation functions by rigorously calculating the analytical expressions of the electromagnetic field in the whole space. Some interesting phenomena associated with these transformation devices, including the invisibility cloaks…
The dynamics of a test particle interacting with diffusing impurities in one dimension is investigated analytically and numerically. In the absence of an applied external force, the dynamics of the particle can be characterized by a distribution of monotonic excursions $Δx$, which scales as a power law with an exponen…
Due to the strongly nonlocal nature of $f_{xc}({\bf r},{\bf r}',ω)$ the {\em scalar} exchange and correlation (xc) kernel of the time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT), the formula for Q the friction coefficient of an interacting electron gas (EG) for ions tends to give a too large value of Q for heavy ions…
We consider the structure of Josephson vortices approaching the junction boundary with vacuum in large area Josephson junctions with the Josephson length $λ_J$ large relative to the London penetration depth $λ_L$. Using the stability argument for one-dimentional solitons with respect to 2D perturbations, it is shown t…
Platinum(II) bi- and terpyridyl chloro complexes, Pt(dcbpy)Cl2 and [Pt(ttpy)Cl]+, where dcbpy = 4,4'-dicarboxyl-2,2'-bipyridine and ttpy = 4-tolyl-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine, are used to investigate the nature of the active catalyst for the photocatalytic production of hydrogen from water. In a Pt(II) chloro system that…
A rotating particle in electrorheological (ER) fluid leads to a displacement of its polarization charges on the surface which relax towards the external applied field ${\bf E}_0$, resulting in a steady-state polarization at an angle with respect to ${\bf E}_0$. This dynamic effect has shown to affect the ER fluids pro…
We investigate the electronic band structure of two of the rare-earth nitrides, DyN and SmN. Resistivity measurements imply that both materials have a semiconducting ground state, and both show resistivity anomalies coinciding with the magnetic transition, despite the different magnetic states in DyN and SmN. X-ray ab…
Variations of polarization of the electronic field is a dielectric property quantified by Resta et al. and discovered to be a Berry phase of the electronic subsystem. In order to continue the previous research we wrote a scalar phase Φas the circulation of the polarization field or in alternative and in a more general…
Flower-shaped CuO nanostructures have been prepared by the simple solution process at 100 °C using copper nitrate, NaOH, and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) for 3 h without the use of any complex reagents. The morphological investigations by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) revealed that the flower-sh…
The mutual control of the electric and magnetic properties of a solid is currently of great interest because of the possible application for novel electronic devices. We report on the low-magnetic-field (for example, B values of +/-30 milliteslas) control of the polarization (P) vector in a hexaferrite, Ba2Mg2Fe12O22,…
In this contribution to the special issue on multiferroics we focus on multiferroicity driven by different forms of charge ordering. We will present the generic mechanisms by which charge ordering can induce ferroelectricity in magnetic systems. There is a number of specific classes of materials for which this is rele…
Diffusion of atoms in a crystalline lattice is a thermally activated process that can be strongly accelerated by defects such as grain boundaries or dislocations. When carried by dislocations, this elemental mechanism is known as "pipe diffusion." Pipe diffusion has been used to explain abnormal diffusion, Cottrell at…
Tailoring the longitudinal surface plasmon wavelengths (LSPWs), scattering, and absorption cross sections of gold nanorods has been demonstrated by combining anisotropic shortening and transverse overgrowth and judiciously choosing starting Au nanorods. Shortening yields Au nanorods with decreasing lengths but a fixed…
Semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs) comprise an important class of inorganic fluorophores for applications from optoelectronics to biology. Unfortunately, to date, NQD optical properties (e.g., their efficient and particle-size-tunable photoluminescence) have been susceptible to instabilities at the bulk and…
We find experimentally that the optical sheet conductance of graphite per graphene layer is very close to (pi/2)e2/h, which is the theoretically expected value of dynamical conductance of isolated monolayer graphene. Our calculations within the Slonczewski-Weiss-McClure model explain well why the interplane hopping le…
The rapid urbanization of the world has led to an increase in pedestrian involvement in automotive crashes, prompting some countries to establish pedestrian regulations. A promising approach to address pedestrian safety is the use of active lift devices to raise the hood upon detection of a pedestrian impact, thereby…
Abstract The incorporation of cellulosic fibers into polyethylene matrices was studied in this work, by dispersion of fluff pulp from maritime pine in a hot polymer solution, followed by co‐precipitation of the solid components by cooling at room temperature. The above method was found suitable for proper wetting and…
Shape memory alloy (SMA) wires are used increasingly in place of traditional actuators because of their compactness, high work density, low cost, ruggedness, high force generation, and relatively large strains. One well known issue with SMA wires is degradation in performance as actuation cycles accumulate, with signi…
Pedogenesis and clay mineralogy of soils and rock samples were studied in a transect of calcareous, gypsiferous, saline soils and sediments of Bakhtegan lake bank in southern Iran. The main objectives of study were to determine the occurrence of clay minerals and factors controlling their distribution pattern and rela…
The excited state dynamics of CdSe and CdSSe nanocrystals is complex, involving exciton-polaron formation and state mixing. Evidence of symmetry breaking in a $3.0\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ CdSSe sample shows evidence of exciton-polaron excited state character, in addition to lowering of the exciton symme…