Materials Literature
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Abstract Core observation, X-radiography, and scanning electron microanalysis of distinctly laminated, indistinctly laminated, and nonlaminated sediments from ODP Site 893 show that laminated as well as nonlaminated (i.e., massive) hemipelagic sediments can form in the absence of bioturbation. This view contrasts with…
This paper is a review of optical ordering processes in amorphous films containing photoisomerizable dye molecules. Photoinduced Anisotropy (PIA), Photoassisted Poling (PAP) and All-Optical Poling (AOP) are demonstrated through basic experiments and interpreted by a common theoretical model.
The homopolymerization of maleic anhydride was attempted at 190°C, during the melt-functionalization of polypropylene, either with or without organic peroxide using a Brabender plastograph. The free radical homopolymerization of pure maleic anhydride was also attempted either with or without organic peroxide, at 190°C…
We have applied the near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) technique to characterize the systematic trends in the oxygen K edge and metal L edge features of powder materials of 3d transition metal oxides. In agreement with previous high energy electron energy loss spectroscopy data [L. A. Grunes et al., Ph…
The adsorption of CO on Pd particles supported on a thin alumina film has been studied employing high resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and of special interest was the CO–Pd interaction as a function of island size and CO coverage. CO saturation at 90 K leads to…
An overview is presented of data analysis methods that can be used in surface analysis, especially those that can be used in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The paper provides illustrations of the application of data analysis methods to real systems, and discusses practical problems that can arise when working…
Carbon nitride materials have been the focus of research efforts worldwide. Most materials studied have been amorphous, with only a few groups claiming to have found a crystalline material. We investigate the structure of amorphous carbon nitride solids produced by two different techniques: cathodic arc deposition and…
The interplay between the velocity and morphology of steps during the dissolution of the cleaved CaCO3(101̄4) surface in aqueous solution has been studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The experimental results were analyzed based on the terrace-ledge-kink model. Real-time AFM images show that, in the surface re…
Using a plasma-induced graft polymerization technique, which is well known as a surface modification method, the grafted polymer was formed in pores of the porous material. This study examined the filling mechanism. Five thin porous films were sandwiched together, and employed as the substrate. The substrate was treat…
Thin oxide films (e.g., 5–10 nm of SiO2, Al2O3, NiO, MgO) supported on a refractory metal substrate (e.g., Mo, W, Ta, Re) have been prepared by deposition of the oxide metal precursor in a background of oxygen. The thin-film nature of these samples facilitates investigation by an array of surface techniques, many of w…
By using a gastight electrochemical cell with flowing air as the reference environment, we were able to achieve an oxygen partial pressure as low as atm inside the cell. The conductivity of has been studied as a function of and temperature. It was found that in the high‐ range, interstitial oxygen ions and electron ho…
We report on a study of the morphology of (100) silicon surfaces etched in aqueous alkaline solutions. It is shown that the formation of pyramidal hillocks during etching can be influenced in two different ways: by the presence of an oxidizing agent (ferricyanide or oxygen) in the etchant solution, or by etching under…
Proton spin-lattice relaxations in the laboratory and rotating frames, together with transverse relaxation (free induction decay), have been measured for natural and epoxidised rubber, plus a series of vulcanised samples. The data have been analysed by fitting procedures to give characteristic times which are discusse…
Abstract Flame retardant fillers are of growing importance as they do not give the high smoke and corrosive gas emissions associated with some other flame retardants The basic characteristics of a flame retardant filler are described, together with the manufacture of the principal commercial types. Experimental result…
The results of x-ray-absorption spectroscopy investigations of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ ions in a nearly fully exchanged (93%) sodium \ensuremath{\beta}-alumina crystal are reported. The ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ local environment is reconstructed using a multishell best fit procedure and is compared with existing structural m…
Abstract This study evaluates hydrogels based on 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and diethylene glycol ester of methacrylic acid (DEGMA) as candidates for a suitable matrix for immobilizing marine bacteria. Results are presented of investigations of the effect of monomer structure and polymer composition on wettabi…
Abstract Sulfur vulcanization accelerators derived from 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) have been a staple for the rubber processing industry for over 65 years. Most noteworthy are the sulfenamide derivatives, which provide various combinations of scorch delay and cure rate, depending upon the basicity and steric nature…
Obviously, successive expertises in the processes of elementary materials are milestones which marked the early stages of mankind development (stone-age, bronze-age,...) and it is only since the beginning of the century that materials became multifunctional and required optimization of their different physical, mechan…
Al2O3:C has been found to exhibit high thermoluminescence (TL) response to UV radiation in addition to ionising radiation. Though the change in absorption spectra and the process of deposition of energy by UV in Al2O3:C are considerably different from that by ionising radiation, the TL emission and the behaviour of gl…
The eddy current field due to both windings and heavy current leads (HCL) in large power transformers is analyzed by using the improved T-/spl Omega/ method, in which T and /spl Omega/ can be solved separately in different subregions. Thus, storage capacity and CPU time can be saved to a great extent. In addition, the…