Materials Literature
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The change of structure and mechanical properties of Nb-Ti microalloying IF steel （/%: 0.006C, 0. 005Si, 0. 15Mn, 0. 008P, 0. 006S, 0. 039Al, 0. 01Nb, 0. 048Ti, 0.003 4N） during cold rolling process from 3. 98 mm hot rolled plate cold rolling to 0. 4 mm sheet （ deformation 40% to 90% ） by a four cold-rolling mill in l…
The production practice shows that for production of 0. 20% 〜0. 24% C ultra-low-sulphur steel, in conditions of 150 t EAF charging- 40% metal + quality low sulphur scrap, EAF end [C] 0. 03% ~0. 05%, EAF tapping average [S] 0. 046%, LF initial average [S] 0. 017%, the ≤0. 001% sulphur content in finishing steel is gott…
In the light of specific properties of austenitic stainless steel 304 (type Crl8-Ni8) and ferritic stainless steel 430 (type Crl7), a high-chromium ferritic stainless steel TTS433 (/%: 0.010C, 21Cr, 0.40Cu, 0. 25Nb, 0. 20Ti, 0. 012N) has been developed by testing and analyzing the effect of Cr, Cu, Nb, Ti element on p…
The test super-high strength weathering steel (/%: 0. 062 〜0. 065C, 0. 29 〜0. 30Si, 1. 23 ~ 1. 27Mn, 0. 49 -0. 52Cr, 0. 19 -0. 20Ni, 0. 29 ~0. 31 Cu, 0 ~0. 20Mo, 0. 035 ~0. 060Nb) is melted by a 50 kg vacuum induction furnace, forged to 60 mm x 60 mm billet, then hot rolled to 4 mm plate in laboratory by finishing rol…
The production process flow sheet for hard wire coil of steel 65C (/% : 0. 62 〜0. 70C, 0. 18 ~ 0. 28Si, 0. 55 ~0. 75Mn) is 120 t converter-LF-170 mm x 170 mm costing billet-rolling by high speed mill. The fracture cause of steel 65 C during ∅6. 5 mm hot rolled coil cold-drawing to ∅1. 85 mm wire has been analyzed by o…
The liquid flow field in mold of a 200 mm x 1 300 mm vertical slab caster and the effect of nozzle structure parameters (side hole size 40 mm x40 mm ~ 40 mm x80 mm, side hole angle +15° 〜-15°) with depth of submerged entry nozzle 115 mm and casting speed 0. 55 m/min on mold level fluctuation have been studied by using…
The volatilization characteristic of molybdenum trioxide ( MoO3) is the main reason led to low yield of Mo, while the Mo03stabilizing treated by CaCO3is an effective way to inhibit the volatilization of MoO3. The low-temperature solid phase reaction between MoO3and CaCO3has been studied according to thermodynamics and…
As the steel GCrl5 (1. 01%C, 1. 48% Cr) is melted in an 100 kg induction furnace up to 1 580 ℃, the metal liquid flows through furnace bottom liquid conduct nozzle and sprays in atomized chamber by high pressure nitrogen flow to atomize micron liquid drops and form deposition billet at bottom. The compared analysis on…
The effect of first roll and last roll position on plate flatness and surface residual stress of 22 mm Q345 steel plate (/% ： ≤0. 20C,≤ 0. 55Si, ≤1. 70Mn, 0. 02 - 0. 15V, 0. 015 ~ 0. 060Nb, 0. 02 ~ 0. 20Ti) during leveling process by a 9-roll straightener has been studied by established finite element model to get the…
The EA4T axle steel (/% ： 0. 22 ~ 0. 29C, 0. 15 ~ 0. 40Si, 0. 50 ~ 0. 80Mn, ≤0. 020P, ≤0. 015S, 0. 90 ~ 1. 20Cr, 0. 15 ~0. 30Mo, ≤0. 06V) is produced by 30 t EBT arc furnace-40 t LF/VD-5 t ingot process and forged by 8MN oil-hydraulic press to 300 mm x300 mm bloom with forging ratio ≥9. Results show that of the EA4T s…
The metallurgical flow sheet for ultra-low temperature steel 9Ni (/% : 0. 03 ~ 0. 05C, 0. 15 〜0. 30Si, 0. 60 ~0. 70Mn, ≤0, 003P, ≤0. 002S, 9. 0 ~9. 5Ni, 0. 02 ~6. 04Al) is 180t hot metal pretreatment-1801 top and bottom combined blown converter-LF-feeding Si-Ca wire-RH-180 ~250 mm slab casting. With controlling [P] ≤0…
The structure and mechanical properties of 15 mm plate of bridge steel Q690q (/% : 0. 05C, 0. 30Si, 1. 40Mn, 1. lOCu, 0. 50Cr, 0. 80Ni, 0. 07V, 0. 55Mo, weld cold-cracking sensitivity index Pcm≤0. 267) processed by both technology i. e. the thermal-mechanical control rolling process (TMCP) - finishing rolling at 920 ℃…
The basic alloying elements in super-bainitic steels are C-Mn-Si and the structure of ultra-fine bainite, martensite and residual austenite is obtained by low temperature phase transformation at 300 〜500 ℃. In order to decrease critical cooling velocity, promote bainite transformation, partial super-bainitic steels ar…
The original process to produce 300 series stainless steel at steel works is 140 t EAF-150 t AOD two step method, and with charging partial low nickel high phosphorus pig iron, the EAF end [ P] is 450 x 10-6. In order to decrease EAF end [P], the improved process-60 t Consteel arc furnace + 140 t EAF-150 t AOD flow sh…
The vacuum electroslag remelting (VESR) furnace is a developed special vacuum remelting metallurgical unit for melting high performance alloy based on vacuum arc remelting (VAR) and gas-shielded electroslag remelting (ESR). The steel grades and alloys remelting by VESR are high quality alloy steels, high temperature a…
Based on devoiced eutectoid transformation ( DET) principle, the fast spheroidizing annealing process for 4 mm plate of alloy tool steel SKS51 (/% : 0.75 ~0. 85C, 0.20 ~ 0. 50Cr- 1.30 ~2, OONi) produced by CSP line has been tested and studied in laboratory. Results show that with austenizing at 730℃ for lOmin then coo…
The sheet piling (/% ： 0. 12 ~0. 22C, 0. 15 ~ 0. 55Si, 0. 80 ~ 1. 50Mn) is rolled by two-high reversing mills and universal tandem reversing mills. The stress-strain curves of the steel of sheet piling with strain rate 0. 5 ~5. 0 s-1at 980 ~ 1 030 °C are obtained by thermal simulation test, and the three-dimensional t…
The analysis on elements content in 58 heats stainless steel 1Cr15Ni4Mo3N (/% ： 0. 11 ~0. 16C, 0. 50 〜 1. 25Mn, W0. 70Si, 4. 0 ~5. 0Ni, 14. 5 ~ 15. 5Cr, 2. 3 ~2. 8Mo, 0. 05 ~0. IN) random sampling from φ60 ~90 mm bars are carried out, while the longitudinal mechanical properties of each heat products heat-treated with…
Bi2Te3 based thermoelectric devices typically use a nickel layer as a diffusion barrier to block the diffusion of solder or copper atoms from the electrode into the thermoelectric material. Previous studies have shown degradation in the efficiency of these thermoelectric devices may be due to the diffusion of the barr…
BiFeO 3 thin films epitaxially grown on SrRuO3-buffered (001)-oriented SrTiO3 substrates show orthogonal bundles of twin domains, each of which contains parallel and periodic 71° domain walls. A smaller amount of 109° domain walls are also present at the boundaries between two adjacent bundles. All as-grown twin walls…