Materials Literature
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This review documents the application of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) in a scanning electron microscope to studies of grain boundaries. The EBSD technique is now applied routinely for the rapid measurement of crystallographic orientations, generally known as 'microtexture', in a variety of materials. Proces…
The engineering of biological substitutes and strategies for the replacement and/or repair of blood vessels and the components of the heart represents an important challenge for tissue engineering. In this review, the progress to date and the barriers remaining are addressed. Even though the progress has been consider…
Abstract The epoxidation of cyclooctene and 1‐octene with hydrogen peroxide was studied kinetically in HFIP (1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propanol)/1,4‐dioxane mixtures. In the case of cyclooctene, no additional catalyst was applied, whereas the epoxidation of 1‐octene was run in the presence of phenylarsonic acid as cata…
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) can be divided into three main types based on the sizes of the monomers incorporated into the polymer. Short-chain-length (SCL) PHAs consist of monomer units of C3 to C5, medium-chain-length (MCL) PHAs consist of monomer units of C6 to C14, and SCL-MCL PHAs consist of monomers ranging in s…
UV-emitting phosphors find uses in various applications, such as photocopying, phototherapy, sun tanning, etc. The phosphor requirements for these applications vary. Simple methods for preparing different UV-emitting phosphors are described. Novel syntheses for some borates (SrB4O7:Eu, CeMgB5O10:Gd, GdBO3:Pr, LaB3O6:C…
Abstract Summary: Several rubber/starch composites in which the starch particles are in an amorphous state and are smaller than 1 μm, prepared by directly mixing and co‐coagulating rubber latex and starch paste, exhibit higher hardness, stress at 100%, tensile strength, and tear strength relative to the corresponding…
The structural behavior of sodalite, ideally Na 8 [Al 6 Si 6 O 24 ]Cl 2 , at room pressure and from 28 to 982 °C on heating, was determined by using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data (λ = 0.92007(4) Å) and Rietveld refinement. The sample was heated at a rate of about 9.5 °C/min and X-ray spectra were c…
Homogeneous silicon boron oxycarbide (Si‐B‐O‐C) glasses based on SiO x C 4– x and BO y C 3– y mixed environments were obtained by pyrolysis under inert atmosphere of sol–gel‐derived precursors. Their high‐temperature structural evolution from 1000° to 1500°C was followed using XRD, 29 Si and 11 B MAS NMR, and chemical…
Conductive cotton + PANi fabrics are prepared by in-situ chemical oxidative polymer ization of aniline using ammonium persulphate as the oxidant by a process of diffusion polymerization in a mixed bath. These fabrics are characterized by elemental analysis, XRF, ATR-FTIR, WAXD, SEM, DSC, and two-probe conductivity. So…
This study compares the effect of nanosized silicon dioxide (nanosized SiO2) and microsized silicon dioxide (microsized SiO2) particles on fibrogenesis in rats. Wistar rats were instilled intratracheally with saline, 20 mg of nanosized SiO2 or 20 mg of microsized SiO2, and were sacrificed at 1 and 2 months after insti…
A new calibration was performed for the molecular CO 2 band at 2349 cm -1 in the infrared absorption spectra of rhyolitic glasses. Glasses with varying amounts of CO 2 (730-3900 ppm by weight) and H 2 O (0.5-7.0 wt%) were synthesized in an internally heated pressure vessel at 200-800 MPa and 1100 and 1200 °C. The CO 2…
Abstract This work presents a systematic and statistical approach to evaluate and predict the properties of random discontinuous natural fiber reinforced composites. Different composites based on polypropylene and reinforced with natural fibers were produced and their mechanical properties are measured together with t…
Abstract Monodisperse cobalt nanoparticles are synthesized via a high‐temperature thermal decomposition method in the presence of oleic acid and triphenylphosphine. The as‐synthesized nanoparticles are stable against further deep oxidation when they are kept in heptane (C 7 H 16 ). Time‐dependent XPS studies indicate…
Piezoelectric properties of polymer electrets consisting of cellular polypropylene (PP) or of porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with thicknesses of 50 to 100 /spl mu/m are studied. In addition, bilayer or multilayer structures composed of one of these polymers in solid or voided form plus an additional air layer a…
We describe the order parameter S(T) of liquid crystals in the nematic state by a four-parameter expression which is consistent with mean-field theory. A two-step fitting method is applied to high resolution refractive index data for the nCB (n=5–8) liquid crystals, processed according to Vuks and Neugebauer models. W…
Cells of many organisms accumulate certain small organic molecules--called compatible and counteracting solutes, compensatory solutes, or chemical chaperones--in response to certain physical stresses. These solutes include certain carbohydrates, amino acids, methylamine and methylsulphonium zwitterions, and urea. In o…
Abstract The effect of the incorporation of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on the PP crystallization kinetics is investigated by thermal analysis, microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The results of the investigation show that SWNT acts as a strong nucleation agent. A marked decrease of the half‐time of PP cryst…
Three mutations on the penicillin acylase surface (increasing the number of Lys in a defined area) were performed. They did not alter the enzyme's stability and kinetic properties; however, after immobilization on glyoxyl-agarose, the mutant enzyme showed improved stability under all tested conditions (e.g., pH 2.5 at…
Abstract Efficient and photostable ZnS‐passivated CdS:Mn (CdS:Mn/ZnS core/shell) nanocrystals were synthesized using reverse micelle chemistry. CdS:Mn/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals exhibited much improved luminescent properties (quantum yield and photostability) over organically ( n ‐dodecanethiol‐) capped CdS:Mn nanocr…
The dimensions of graphitic layer planes directly affect the reactivity of soot towards oxidation and growth. Quantification of graphitic structure could be used to develop and test correlations between the soot nanostructure and its reactivity. Based upon transmission electron microscopy images, this paper provides a…