Materials Literature
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Electron charge density distributions in layered ferroelectrics Bi4Ti3O12 (BiT) and Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 (BLT) are investigated by analyzing high-energy synchrotron-radiation powder diffraction data using the maximum entropy method/Rietveld method. BiT shows that chemical bonding resulting from orbital hybridization is…
Giant domain wall contribution to the dielectric susceptibility was observed in the rhombohedral phase of BaTiO3 single crystals. The unusual contribution can be two orders of magnitude larger than the thermodynamically estimated lattice susceptibility, even at driving fields that are much smaller than the coercive fi…
By alternate deposition of Mg and exposure of O2, layer-by-layer growth, polar MgO(111) ultrathin films with Mg-terminated or O-terminated surfaces have been successfully fabricated on Mo(110) substrate. The surface geometric structure and electronic structures of the polar MgO(111) films were investigated using surfa…
Photoinduced phase transitions in spin-Peierls (SP) systems of alkali $(M=\mathrm{K},\mathrm{Na})$-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) have been studied by a reflection-type femtosecond (fs) pump-probe spectroscopy. The SP phase is destabilized by the generation of photocarriers through the breaking of the spin-singlet st…
Abstract A method is presented for synthesizing surfactant‐free latexes comprising starch‐ graft ‐(vinyl polymer) starting with a suspension of amylopectin, either native or modified, then using cerium(IV) with either potassium persulfate or glucose to create grafting sites on the starch. Latex particles comprising po…
A comprehensive theoretical study of electronic and magnetic properties of V-doped ZnO in bulk as well as (112¯0) thin films has been performed using density functional theory. Vanadium atoms substituted at Zn sites show very little selectivity of site occupancy. More importantly, different geometries with ferromagnet…
The authors developed a very simple alignment technique by which highly aligned polymer nanofibers of length >25cm were electrospun over a lateral range as large as 63cm. This technique is based on a modified configuration, application of a tip collector, and sideward ejection. The salient feature of the electr…
Abstract A high degree of flame retardancy (FR) of polyamide 6 (PA6) is obtained by adding low weight per cent NH 2 SO 3 NH 4 (ammonium sulfamate, AS) and dipentaerythritol (Di). This result is preserved when 1 wt% of organo‐layered montmorillonite (OMMT) is dispersed in the AS + Di formulation. Increasing OMMT decrea…
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels blended with chitosan or other biological macromolecules have shown promise for cell culture and tissue engineering. This study investigates the attachment and growth of bovine aortic endothelial (BAEC) and smooth muscle cells (BASMC) on the PVA hydrogels modified with water soluble a…
In nanowire growth using vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism, controlling catalyst diffusion has been a key issue since VLS growth is essentially no longer feasible in the absence of catalyst on the tip. Here the authors demonstrate the controllability of catalyst diffusion on MgO nanowire growth by ambient pressure an…
Lignocellulosic materials can significantly contribute to the development of composites, since it is possible to chemically and/or physically modify their main components, cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. This may result in materials more stable and with more uniform properties. It has previously been shown that…
Comprehensive three-dimensional dissipative particle dynamics simulations are carried out to elucidate the diffusion mechanism of a strongly adsorbed polymer chain on a solid surface in dilute solutions. We find Rouse and reptation dynamics for polymer chain diffusing on smooth and rough surfaces (with obstacles or st…
The authors found that the level of amorphization or structural disorder in boron carbide is higher when induced by dynamic indentation compared to static indentation. Visible and uv Raman spectroscopies indicate that sp2-bonded aromatic carbon clusters were formed, consistent with the detected photoluminescence spect…
Abstract The effects of nano and micro roughness as well as the chemical composition of surface treatments on hydrophobicity and self‐cleaning properties of the coated surfaces were studied theoretically and experimentally. Accordingly, relationships were derived between the interfacial adhesion strength of the liquid…
Highly homogeneous, ultrathin films of copper nitride $({\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}\mathrm{N})$ have been grown on Fe(001) at room temperature using a Cu evaporator and a radio-frequency plasma source to obtain atomic nitrogen in a UHV environment. ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}\mathrm{N}$ is a semiconductor with the valence band edge at $…
The control of nanocrystal formation in amorphous alloys is of particular importance for the development of advanced nanocrystalline materials. In the present study, the authors succeeded in controlling α-Fe and Nd2Fe14B nanocrystallization processes in amorphous Nd9Fe85B6 by a combination of severe plastic deformatio…
Raman spectroscopy has been used to study the ferroelectric tetragonal to paraelectric cubic phase transition Tc in undoped BaTiO3 (BT) and (Ba0.92A0.08)TiO3 [where A=Ca (BCT), Sr (BST), and Pb (BPT)]. In BT and BPT, mode characteristic of the tetragonal phase at 303 and 710cm−1 persisted until >50°C above Tc,…
A simple lithographic method is developed to generate large-area antireflective subwavelength structures (SWSs), in which the metal island films are used as masks. Using magnetron sputter deposition, stochastically arranged Ag islands were fabricated on Si substrates with dimensions controlled in the range of 50∼400nm…
We have investigated electronic transport of few-layer graphene (FLG) connected to superconducting electrodes. The device is prepared by mechanical exfoliation of graphite. A small mesa of FLG is connected to two tungsten electrodes, separated by 2.5 μm, grown by focused ion beam. Whereas the tungsten electrodes are s…
The authors report here the enhanced luminescence properties of SrSi2O2N2 doped with Eu and M (M=Ce, Dy, and Mn). The Eu and Eu, Mn-codoped powders were prepared by a solid state reaction at temperatures between 1400 and 1600°C under H2 (25%)–N2 (75%) atmosphere. The Eu, M-codoped Sr1−x−ySi2N2O2 phosphors have the mon…