Materials Literature
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Active centres have been designed on high-area, molecular sieve catalysts which, inter alia, can convert n-alkanes to n-alkanols and n-alkanoic acids, cyclohexane to cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone and adipic acid, and n-hexane to adipic acid all using either oxygen or air as oxidants. A number of one-step processes and s…
The microemulsion method is employed to synthesize iron nanoparticles with an average size of ∽3 nm using trioctyl phosphine oxide (TOPO) as a stabilizing agent. The morphology, structure, and composition of the nanoparticles are studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)…
This publication is a revised and updated version of VTT Publication 306: Physical characterisation of biomass-based pyrolysis liquids, issued in 1997. The main purpose of the on-going study is to test the applicability of standard fuel oil methods developed for petroleum-based fuels to biomass-derived fast pyrolysis…
The development of solid dielectric DC transmission class cable is a priority throughout much of the world to avoid risks associated with placing hydrocarbon fluids in underwater environments. However the conductivity of polymeric solid dielectrics tends to be a strong function of temperature and electric field. Based…
Three kinds of OH-terminated polylactides were synthesized by the ring-opening polymerization of lactide, with an alcohol such as dodecanol, glycerol, or pentaerythritol, in the presence of stannous octoate. Moreover, Cl-, NH2-, and COOH-terminated polylactides were synthesized from OH-terminated polylactides. The end…
The pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (vitamin B(6))-dependent enzymes that act on amino acid substrates have multiple evolutionary origins. Thus, the common mechanistic features of B(6) enzymes are not accidental historical traits but reflect evolutionary or chemical necessities. The B(6) enzymes belong to four independent evol…
First, we report the development of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic methods to determine the α/γ-crystalline phase ratio of polyamide-6 fibers and, in combination with density measurements, the total crystallinity. Using density determinations of the crystallinity of pure α and pure γ samples, we found…
The nucleation of corrosion pits on stainless steel in chloride solution at constant potential is described through observation of minute current transients. Pit nucleation transients are of form different from transients due to metastable pit propagation. Nucleation is a sharp, microscopically violent event. Current…
Polycarbonate urethanes (PCNUs) have been used as a replacement for traditional biomedical polyether-urethanes due to their reported resistance to oxidative biodegradation. However, relatively little is known about their hydrolytic stability in the presence of inflammatory derived enzymes. This has in part motivated t…
The use of data averaging to improve the angular precision of electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) maps is discussed. It is shown that orientations may be conveniently and rapidly averaged using the four Euler-symmetric parameters which are coefficients of a quaternion representation. The processing of EBSD data…
A new artificial bone concept by magnesium alloys is proposed to think much importance on its homogenization with a surrounding natural hard and soft tissue. Magnesium is an essential element for human body, so that magnesium bone implants can be expected to be toxicity free even though magnesium dissolved into human…
An experimental wavefunction is one that has an assumed form and that is also fitted to experimental measurements according to some well defined procedure. In this paper, the concept of extracting wavefunctions from experimental data is critically examined and past efforts are reviewed. In particular, the importance o…
Powder X-ray and neutron diffraction studies of the calcined siliceous zeolites ITQ-7, ITQ-9 and CIT-5, and the aluminophosphates AlPO4-31 and Mg-doped AlPO4-17 have been carried out as a function of temperature in order to determine their thermal expansivity properties. Of these, ITQ-7, ITQ-9 and MAPO-17 show negativ…
The electronic and structural properties of the layered ternary compound Ti3AlC2 have been determined using the ab initio pseudopotential method based on density functional theory. We have obtained the equilibrium lattice parameters, the equilibrium atomic positions in the unit cell, and interatomic distances. The cal…
A systematic study on the site occupancy of rare-earth cations in Ba-rich and Ti-rich BaTiO 3 fired in reducing atmosphere is performed. The corresponding lattice relaxation is used as an indicator of site occupancy and, to a lesser extent, defect structures. Accurate lattice parameters are obtained from X-ray diffrac…
The influence of fiber surface modifications like dewaxing, alkali treatment and methyl methacrylate grafting on the thermal and electrokinetic properties of coir (coconut) and sisal fibers has been investigated. Additionally scanning electron microscopy was performed to follow changes in the fiber surface morphology.…
Chemical reactions between the superior perovskite oxide-ion conductor Sr- and Mg-doped (LSGM), and NiO have been studied by powder X-ray diffraction. The results showed that an extensive reactivity occurs as a result of La migration driven by a gradient of La chemical activity. La migration across the LSGM/electrode…
Electrolyte films of samaria-doped ceria (SDC, Sm 0.2 Ce 0.8 O 1.9 ) are fabricated onto porous NiO-SDC substrates by a screen printing technique. A cathode layer, consisting of Sm 0.5 Sr 0.5 CoO 3 and 10 wt % SDC, is subsequently screen printed on the electrolyte to form a single cell, which is tested at temperatures…
The spectroscopic properties and the photophysical behaviour of difluoroboradiaza-s-indacene 1, especially designed for the near infrared (NIR) spectral region and equipped with a p-dimethylaminophenyl group at the meso-position, were studied by steady-state and time-resolved optical spectroscopy. Solvent-dependent me…
We report the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) to create a diverse range of polymeric composites incorporating thermal and solvent labile guest materials such as proteins; no additional co-solvents are required; the entire process can be carried out at near ambient conditions; polymer morphology is controll…