Materials Literature
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In situ synchrotron x-ray scattering is used in conjunction with a novel annular cone and plate shear cell to study the nonequilibrium structure factor of a polymer bicontinuous microemulsion within the flow-gradient plane. At equilibrium the scattering is well described by the Teubner-Strey structure factor. In stead…
Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 – SrBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 (BT–SBTi) thin film was fabricated successfully on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si(110) substrates by the pulsed laser deposition technique. Films annealed at 650 °C by the rapid temperature process (RTP) have Pr=12 μC/cm2. But, the fatigue behavior has been observed although no obvious decrease in P…
Collaborative Computational Project Number 4 (CCP4) was established in 1979 to promote collaboration between UK groups writing software for protein crystallography. From these beginnings, CCP4 now distributes a large software suite and is active in developing new software. In this article, an overview is given of rece…
We studied room-temperature transient creep in polycrystalline, free-standing Al films with a thickness between 220 and 550 nm using a high-resolution bulge test technique. A transient logarithmic creep strain is observed. The time and stress dependence of the creep strongly support the idea that dislocation glide, li…
The electrical discharge of volume distributed space charge in poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) has been investigated both experimentally and by computer simulation. The experimental space charge was implanted in dielectric samples by exposure to a monoenergetic electron beam of 3 MeV. Electrical breakdown through the…
Supersonic cluster beam deposition has been used to produce films with different nanostructures by controlling the deposition parameters such as the film thickness, substrate temperature and cluster mass distribution. The field emission properties of cluster-assembled carbon films have been characterized and correlate…
Block copolymers adsorbing to an interface between two immiscible homopolymers modify the elastic constants of this interface. Within self-consistent field calculations for Gaussian chains, we determine how the bending constants vary in dependence on the block copolymer concentration and architecture. Four phenomena a…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Improving catalyst light-off characteristics during cold start and reducing engine-out (more accurately converter-in) emissions prior to catalyst light-off have been regarded as the keys to meeting future stringent emissions regulations. Many technologies and control strategies ha…
Raman spectra of nickel cobalt oxide films with spinel crystal structure showed unexpected variations with film thickness. Combined with the results of studies as a function of incident laser power and temperature, from 25 to 800 K, the results strongly point to a small polaron hopping model for electrical conductivit…
We report on low threshold photopumped amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in blends of derivatives of poly (p-phenylene vinylene) and distributed feedback (DFB) lasers fabricated from the same materials. Förster energy transfer is used to spectrally shift the emission away from the absorption band, thereby reducing…
The miniaturization of protein crystallography's experimental method has several advantages. Firstly, it reduces the amount of protein required for identifying crystallization conditions, allowing crystallographic studies of rare natural proteins and complexes. Secondly, higher levels of supersaturation can be obtaine…
A method to evaluate images from crystallization experiments is described. Image discontinuities are used to determine boundaries of artifacts in the images and these are then considered as individual objects. This allows the edge of the drop to be identified and any objects outside this ignored. Each object is evalua…
Boron carbon nitride films (BCN) were grown by B4C evaporation under concurrent N2 ion beam assistance. The films were characterized by x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy, infrared and Raman spectroscopies, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The bonding structure and film composition correlate…
Thin film phosphors of Gd2O3:Eu3+ were deposited on quartz glass plates by pulsed laser deposition and compared with typically used thin film phosphors composed of Y2O3:Eu3+ in terms of cathodoluminescence (CL) and photoluminescence (PL). Both the CL and PL of Gd2O3:Eu3+ thin film phosphor were superior to those of co…
A differential 3ω technique is employed to determine the thermal conductivity of the AlAs0.07Sb0.93 ternary alloy, the Al0.9Ga0.1As0.07Sb0.93 quaternary alloy, and an (AlAs)1/(AlSb)11 digital-alloy superlattice. Between 80 and 300 K, the thermal conductivities for all three samples are relatively insensitive to temper…
The reaction of acetonitrile solutions of CoX2·2H2O (X = NCS, I, Br) and 2-dimethylaminoethanol (HL) with copper powder in air leads to the formation of new tri- and hexa-nuclear complexes [Cu2Co(NCS)3L3]·½CH3CN (1), [Cu2Co(μ3-OH)I2L3]2·4CH3CN (2) and [Cu2Co(μ3-OH)Br2L3]2·2CH3CN (3). X-Ray crystallographic analysis of…
Oxyfluoride glasses were developed with composition 30SiO2⋅15AlO1.5⋅28PbF2⋅22CdF2⋅(4.8−x)GdF3⋅0.1NdF3⋅0.1HoF3⋅xYbF3 (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 4.8) in mole percent. Powder x-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the heat treatments of the oxyfluoride glasses at 450 °C for 0.5 h cause the precipitation of Nd…
The results of the studies of structural, electrical, and thermoelectric properties of binary skutterudite CoSb3 thin films are presented. The n-type films were prepared without intentional doping on oxidized Si(100) and ceramic Al2O3 substrates using magnetron dc sputtering technique. The electron probe microanalysis…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">This investigation reports engine performance, combustion characteristics, and exhaust emissions with alternative diesel fuels of blends of vegetable oil and various fuel additives (fuel improving agents). To improve the oil viscosity and distillation characteristics, the study us…
An efficient procedure is described for catalyst recycling and easy product isolation in alkene epoxidation with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by water-soluble iron(III) porphyrins in environmentally benign and ambient temperature ionic liquids.