Materials Literature
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The influence of electric field on crystal nucleation in a saturated solution has been studied both theoretically and experimentally. The classical equations for nucleation have been used to determine the free energy of formation, critical radius of the cluster and the concentration of the critical nuclei. The theory…
The photocontrol of the alignment of aqueous solutions of an anti-asthmatic drug, disodium chromoglycate (DSCG), as a lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC), was performed by irradiation of a thin film of (4-phenylazophenyl methacrylate) with linearly polarised light. The addition of a non-ionic surfactant to the LLC is a nec…
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has been successful for more than twenty years in treating patients with kidney stones. Hundreds of underwater shock waves are generated outside the patient's body and focused on the kidney stone. Stones fracture mainly due to spalling, cavitation and layer separation. Cavi…
Iminodiacetate resorc[4]arene is shown to produce gels that are pH-reversible. The gels formed are clear and stable to inversion. (The gels are not stable above a certain temperature, which varies with concentration.) When the pH of an iminodiacetate resorc[4]arene solution (concentration > 7.6 mM) is lowered to below…
The surface-mediated alignment control of a lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) of aqueous solutions of a water-soluble dye, C. I. Direct blue 67, by using thin films of poly(4-phenylazophenyl methacrylate) as a command surface is described. Concentrated aqueous solutions of the dye in the presence of a non-ionic surfactan…
The ${L}_{2,3}$-edge spectra of Ru and Mn in the ${\mathrm{SrRu}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{x}{\mathrm{O}}_{3},$ $0<~x<~0.5,$ system reveals the coexistence of a mixed-valence redox pair involving both ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{3+}/{\mathrm{Mn}}^{4+}$ and ${\mathrm{Ru}}^{4+}/{\mathrm{Ru}}^{5+}.$ This influences a l…
A detailed study of the morphological changes that occur during the ageing of a copper zinc oxide (Cu ∶ Zn 2 ∶ 1), formed by co-precipitation from the nitrates is reported and discussed. Using TEM and STEM-EDS, the composition and morphology of the non-calcined precursor are observed to change from an initial amorphou…
The salicylhydrazone of anthranilhydrazide (H2L) reacted with MoO2(acac)2 in refluxing alcohols to yield compounds of the general formula MoO2L(ROH) (where R = CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7, n-C4H9). The complex MoO2L(C2H5OH) is found to undergo facile reaction with heterocyclic bases to form MoO2L(Q)-type complexes where Q = pyr…
This concept paper outlines the design of the first pi-conjugated organic polymer with magnetic ordering. This rational, "bottom-up" macromolecular design is based on synthesis and study of polyarylmethyl polyradicals with increasing number of exchange-coupled unpaired electron spins. The prospects for attaining organ…
A cyclic complex [Ni(12)(chp)(12)(O(2)CMe)(12)(thf)(6)(H(2)O)(6)] (1) has been synthesised and studied (chp=6-chloro-2-pyridonate). Complex 1 exhibits ferromagnetic exchange between the S=1 centres, giving an S=12 spin ground state. Detailed studies demonstrate that it is a single-molecule magnet with an energy barrie…
Three groups of singlet ground state [TCNE](2) (2-) (TCNE=tetracyanoethylene) dimers with characteristic intradimer CC separations (r) and dihedral angles (d) [i.e., group S(t) (r approximately 1.6 A; d=180 degrees ), L(t) (r approximately 3.5 A; d=180 degrees ), and L(c) (r approximately 2.9 A; d= approximately 0 deg…
We describe a technique for connecting a nanometer-scale gold grain to leads by atomic-scale gold point contacts. These devices differ from previous metallic quantum dots in that the conducting channels are relatively well-transmitting. We investigate the dependence of the Coulomb blockade on contact resistance. The h…
Diffraction line broadening observed for the biological apatite is ascribed to small crystallite dimensions and lattice imperfections. However, it is rather difficult to separate the individual contribution of each factor. Therefore in numerous works a total inverse width of a diffraction peak is only used as a size/s…
The properties of phase-separated systems, e.g. manganites, close to a I order phase transition between charge-ordered insulator and ferromagnetic metal, are usually described by the percolation picture. We argue that the correlated occupation of metallic sites leads to the preferential formation of larger metallic cl…
We study the contour (or contact) line of a large water puddle floating on an organic liquid substrate. The line tension 𝒯 is a two-dimensional analogue of surface tension. We manipulate the line through a vertical metallic rod. (i) When stretched by a horizontal force f, the line makes a kink characterized by an angl…
The Vilsmeier reaction is one of the important reactions in the organic photoconductor industry, and quantitative information of thermal hazards of the reaction is needed for process control and safety. In this report, the thermal hazards of Vilsmeier reaction are investigated, and heats of reaction are measured using…
The photoinitiated bulk polymerization of liquid crystalline thiolene monomers based on a phenyl benzoate core was investigated and the structure of the corresponding polymers analyzed. We show that polymerization occurs substantially in bulk, and can be initiated on demand by UV-irradiation. The liquid crystalline th…
Two methods are presented and exemplified for the characterization of self-organizing microporous polymer film surfaces via optical microscopy/image analysis. The first concerns the distribution of the pore diameters as measured by applying the Gini coefficient, which gives quantification to the degree of irregularity…
The synthesis and characterization of various thiophene-based bent-rod liquid crystals are reported, and the effects of varying lateral dipole and core desymmetrization upon mesophase behavior are described. Incorporation of desymmetrized core 7 into the molecular framework was found to have very different consequence…
Parallel three-helix bundle metalloproteins incorporating C-terminal thiol groups have been designed to orient vertically on a gold(111) surface. A small area of pre-assembled octadecanethiol was exchanged with the proteins under the action of an AFM tip. The resulting “nanografted” metalloprotein was imaged at low ap…