Materials Literature
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Abstract Previous work has shown that prebreakdown, electrical aging, and breakdown phenomena are directly associated with charge carriers injected from electrical contacts and their subsequent dissociative trapping and recombination. In addition, the energy released from each trapping or recombination event is dissip…
In development of the ceramic breeder blanket, the effective thermal conductivity of pebble beds is an important design parameter. For thermo-mechanical design of blanket, pebble beds were investigated used for Li2TiO3 that was a candidate for tritium breeder. Li2TiO3 pebble beds, whose size was 0.28-1.91 mm diameter,…
A worker noted a small wound to his thumb when leaving a work site that was undergoing decontamination because of past operations with plutonium (Pu) and americium (Am). Direct surveys of the wound site confirmed the presence of contamination. The chelating agent Ca-DTPA was administered via a nebuliser within an hour…
The microstructure and thermal stability of plastically deformed Al-5.9Mg-0.3Sc-0.18Zr alloy have been investigated. Severe plastic deformation has been performed by high-pressure torsion (HPT) straining at room temperature. The microstructure as a function of the number of rotations is studied by X-ray diffraction pe…
Abstract Extruded microcellular foams have been obtained from mixtures of polycarbonate (PC) and n‐pentane. Cell diameters were in the range of 2 to 5 μm and the foam densities varied between 400 and 700 kg/m 3 . Although two types of PC have been investigated, one linear and one branched, the presence of side branchi…
Abstract A research cooperation between USDA and the University of Pisa led to the development of several composite blends of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and lignocellulosic fibers. The cast films were prepared by blending orange fibers (OR‐fibers) and PVA with and without cornstarch to yield flexible and cohesive films…
We study the steady-state response to applied stress in a simple scalar model of sheared colloids. Our model is based on a schematic (F2) model of the glass transition, with a memory term that depends on both stress and shear rate. For suitable parameters, we find transitions from a fluid to a nonergodic, jammed state…
Abstract The hydroxyl end groups of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) have been transformed easily and quantitatively into amino groups via the Mitsunobu reaction. Phthalimide was alkylated with PEGs and the hydrazinolysis of the resulting phthalimido‐PEGs gave the amino compounds in high yields. Quaternization of the amino…
Pyruvate kinases (PK, EC 2.7.1.40) from three hyperthermophilic archaea (Archaeoglobus fulgidus strain 7324, Aeropyrum pernix, and Pyrobaculum aerophilum) and from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima were compared with respect to their thermophilic, kinetic, and regulatory properties. PKs from the arch…
Achieving clean surfaces is a major and challenging requirement for the study of surfaces and surface reactions. Nondestructive cleaning is a crucial step in semiconductor manufacturing, growth of materials, and processing. We use photoemission spectroscopy (PES) to systematically study the core and valence band elect…
Abstract In Part 1 of this contribution we have reported how the Flory‐Huggins interaction parameter χ can be modeled as a function of chain length within the composition range of pair interaction between the macromolecules by means of the three parameters α , ζ , and λ . This contribution presents the extension of th…
TiO2 is frequently used in optical coatings as an inexpensive material with a particularly high refractive index. Often this high refractive index is only achieved if the substrate is heated to enable the deposition of crystalline films with rutile structure. In this study titanium oxide films have been deposited by d…
Abstract A large number of outstanding physical properties observed in perovskite‐type oxides, such as giant piezoelectricity, colossal magneto‐resistance and high‐ T c superconductivity, are related to an intrinsic nano‐scaled local structure. For instance, the presence of a nano‐scaled structure is characteristic of…
Abstract The background of several electrochemical techniques – recording of the corrosion potential E corr , electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), electrochemical noise analysis (ENA) and recording of potentiodynamic polarization curves – has been discussed and examples of the use of these techniques in studi…
Shikimate dehydrogenase catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reversible reduction of 3-dehydroshikimate to shikimate. We report the first X-ray structure of shikimate dehydrogenase from Haemophilus influenzae to 2.4-A resolution and its complex with NADPH to 1.95-A resolution. The molecule contains two domains, a catalytic d…
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The synthesis of magnesium silicon nitride (MgSiN 2 ) by direct nitridation of a Si/Mg 2 Si/Mg/Si 3 N 4 powder mixture is described. A nucleation period at 550°C and stepwise heat‐treatment schedule up to 1350°C was adopted for the synthesis of MgSiN 2 powder, based on TG‐DTA measurements. The influence of the ratio o…
We report high-precision reflectance, $R(\ensuremath{\omega}),$ measurements on films of conducting polypyrrole oriented by tensile drawing. The results obtained from Kramers-Kronig analysis of $R(\ensuremath{\omega})$ demonstrate that the optical conductivity, \ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\omega}), becomes frequen…
This article summarizes two recently developed patterning techniques for plastic electronics: microcontact printing and thermal transfer printing. It reviews the methods and their capabilities, and presents new results on their use in forming transistors and circuits with a range of organic semiconductors. Active matr…
Experiments were conducted on the Zn-22 wt% Al eutectoid that contained nanometre-scale dispersion particles. These particles were introduced in the matrix of the alloy via powder metallurgy followed by cryomilling. Transmission electron microscopy observations made on specimens crept at a strain rate near the centre…