Materials Literature
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Abstract A review is provided on the basics and origin of the 100 mV polarization criterion. Laboratory and field tests that were conducted to validate its authenticity are reviewed, and the advantages and disadvantages of this criterion are discussed.
Abstract Variability in corrosion rates, 0.1 to 10 mm/year, observed in an electrical submersible pump driven subsea pipeline system culminated in a search for a corrosion inhibitor and treatment program that successfully controls the cumulative impact of multiple types of flow and produced solids. The problems arisin…
Abstract The exploitation of hydrocarbon reservoirs offshore West Africa will necessitate the application of cathodic protection to structures and equipment installed in deep waters. The design parameters given by the guidelines may need to be revised for projects offshore West Africa. Some results in the literature p…
Abstract A new method is reported to protect carbon steel pipelines for wet transport of sweet and sour gases from internal corrosion up to the top-of-the line (TOL) by using corrosion inhibitors. The method functions not only at turbulent gas flow but also at stratified flow and even under stagnant conditions. Accord…
Abstract Carbon steel should be included as the base case of any hydrocarbon pipeline systems materials selection exercise. It is important that all relevant corrosion management issues are adequately addressed at each stage of the business cycle, to facilitate the safe and cost-effective selection and use of carbon s…
Abstract Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in near neutral pH conditions have been investigated by using notched specimens of some pipeline steels, whose strength grades cover American Petroleum Institute (API) specification 5L B to X80. These steels were manufactured by quenching and tempering (QT), thermomechanical-co…
Abstract In the work, EIS and Tefal techniques were used to study the corrosion inhibitor performance in multiphase flow conditions. The experimental results show that the corrosion product layer without inhibitor is non-protective at a low temperature and low pressure environment. In slug flow at a Froude number of 6…
Abstract Two superduplex stainless steel hubs on a subsea manifold subject to cathodic protection failed as a result of hydrogen embrittlement stress corrosion cracking. A series of tests was performed to establish the threshold condition for cracking. The tests included: (i) constant-load smooth bend tests, (ii) cons…
Abstract In selecting materials for corrosive sour oil field environments, the materials of choice must be reliable and cost-effective. Materials have to meet criteria for corrosion resistance and mechanical properties in service environments for the required service life. Both age-hardened nickel-base alloys and cold…
Abstract Steels containing up to 5% Cr were investigated with respect to their corrosion performance in oil and gas environments. Steels containing 3%Cr or more showed improved corrosion performance over Cr free steel by a factor of two or more in a sweet corrosion environment. 5% Cr steel, however, showed deeper loca…
Abstract The mechanistic model of uniform CO2 corrosion is presented which covers: electrochemical reactions at the steel surface, diffusion of species between the metal surface and the bulk including diffusion through porous surface films, migration due to establishment of potential gradients and homogenous chemical…
Abstract Corrosion protective film is important to prevent CO2 corrosion. The formation behavior of corrosion protective film on C-Mn steel and low Cr bearing steels with martensitic microstructure was investigated in a CO2 environment at 60°C. Immersion tests were performed with test periods of 24, 48, 96 and 720 hou…
A dual catalyst bed system (Au/Fe 2 O 3 + Pt−Pd/Al 2 O 3 ) for eliminating hydrogen from the CO 2 feed gas in urea synthesis is found to be far superior to commercially available and patented catalysts in catalytic activity. At relatively low temperatures, hydrogen is eliminated and coexistent CO is also oxidized comp…
The compounds Pb(2)La(x)Bi(8-x)S(14) (I), Sr(2)La(x)Bi(8-x)S(14) (II), and Cs(2)La(x)Bi(10-x)S(16) (III) were synthesized from the corresponding elements or binary sulfides at temperatures above 850 degrees C. Compounds I and II are isostructural, forming a new structure type, while the structure of III is related to…
Numerical experiments of crystallization in a binary eutectic system were carried out to understand the origin of textural variation in igneous rocks. In this study, the number density of crystals was intensively examined as a parameter of texture. The constant cooling rate experiment (no latent heat release) yields a…
More than 50 [Nb x C y ] + clusters have been observed in the gas phase. We report a density functional investigation of 100 isomers of 28 of the most prominent of these clusters, ranging in size from [Nb 2 C 2 ] to [Nb 12 C 20 ] and [Nb 14 C 16 ], calculated as both neutral and monocation species. Vertical ionization…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTWeak versus Strong: A Weak Polyacid Embedded within a Multilayer of Strong PolyelectrolytesAnne F. Xie and Steve GranickView Author Information Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1304 West Green Street, Urbana, Il…
The adsorption and photochemistry of N 2 O chemisorbed on TiO 2 powder has been investigated. At 157 K, nitrous oxide is molecularly adsorbed on the reduced titanium dioxide. Adsorption on the TiO 2 surface takes place through both the N and O ends of the nitrous oxide molecule. The photochemistry of the adsorbed N 2…
The photoexcitation, relaxation, and optical erasure regimes of spiropyran- (SP-) doped polymer films were studied. Cellulose acetate, poly(vinyl acetate), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were used as host polymer matrices. We studied the character of the photoreaction for both coloring and bleaching processes. R…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTDifferential Plasmon Spectroscopy as a Tool for Monitoring Molecular Binding to Ultrathin Gold FilmsGregory Kalyuzhny, Marie Anne Schneeweiss, Abraham Shanzer, Alexander Vaskevich, and Israel RubinsteinView Author Information Departments of Materials & Interfaces and O…