Materials Literature
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A molecular theory to determine thermodynamic properties of isotropic and nematic phases of liquid crystals is proposed, based on a “convex peg” model and semiempirical PM3 (Parametrized Method 3) calculations. The Helmholtz-free energy of the molecular system, a convex hard core within an encircling spherical square-…
The ability of dextran (513 000 Da) with pendant acetaldehyde groups to increase the wet strength of filter paper was evaluated as a function of the aldehyde content, impregnation pH, and temperature. The impregnation of filter paper with dextran aldehyde increased the wet tensile strength. By contrast, neither dextra…
The nucleation of horse spleen ferritin (HSF) crystals on substrates was investigated using a new modification of the double pulse technique. The influence of three different structureless substrates (glass, glass covered by methyl groups and poly-L-lysin template) on the nucleation was studied. The boundaries in the…
By using a supersaturation gradient along a protein solution contained in a glass capillary tube, we modified the classical double pulse technique, thus substantially accelerating the procedure of measurement of nucleation parameters. Data for the number of crystal nuclei, n vs nucleation time, t, were obtained for he…
The electronic structures of charged carbon nanotube cluster models were calculated with the density-functional-theory (DFT) method. With the increasing number of extra electrons, (a) a potential barrier is formed near the tube wall; its height increases and the width at the highest occupied molecular-orbital (HOMO) l…
Bipolar fatigue in ferroelectric lead–zirconate–titanate was previously shown to induce stable pinning centers for ferroelectric domain walls resulting in a significant loss in switchable polarization, but only fairly weak offsets were induced. The corresponding scenario after unipolar fatigue is reversed inducing fai…
The crystal structure of the ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) mistletoe lectin I (ML-I) from Viscum album in complex with adenine has been refined to 1.9 A resolution. High quality crystals of the ML-I complex were obtained by the method of vapour diffusion using the high density protein crystal growth system (HDPC…
Non-crystalline solids often emerge from melts with at least three atomic constituents. The study of packing aspects of melts that form glasses or quasi-crystals by investigating effective interactions in multi-component hard-sphere liquids is made possible by the geometrically based fundamental-measure density functi…
Hofmeister anion series are studied to examine the coupled influence of pH and ionic strength on the solubility of previously desalted lysozyme. Solubility curves are measured at pH 4.3 and 8.3 and 18 degrees C for nitrate, para-toluenesulfonate, citrate, sulphate, phosphate, and acetate. Extreme low ionic strength is…
Quantitative time-resolved x-ray microscopy mass transport studies of the early stages of electromigration in an inlaid Cu line/via structure were performed with about 40 nm lateral resolution. The image sequences show that void formation is a highly dynamic process, with voids being observed to nucleate and grow with…
A fully automated system for screening protein crystals for X-ray diffraction analysis has been designed and is being installed on the beamline BW6 at DORIS in Hamburg, Germany. The system includes robotic mounting of flash-frozen crystals from a storage dewar, centering and alignment of the sample both by optical and…
The influence of martensitic and magnetic phase transformations on the optical and magneto-optical (MO) properties of polycrystalline ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{2}\mathrm{MnGa}$ alloy samples, in bulk and thin films, has been investigated. The parameters of charge carriers (plasma and relaxation frequencies) were determined for…
The electropolymerization and deposition of conjugated polypyrrole network films on planar indium tin oxide electrode surfaces is described. The precursor polymer, a polymethacrylate functionalized with pyrrole, PPHMA2, was synthesized and then electropolymerized on ITO substrates. The possibility of inter- and intra…
The influence of salt nature and concentration on tetragonal lysozyme chloride crystal solubility is presented for a set of mono-, di- and trivalent cations (Cs(+), Rb(+), Mn(2+), Co(2+) and Yb(3+)). The results show that cations have as strong an effect on protein solubility as anions and that they present their own…
The crystallization facility of the TB (Tuberculosis) structural genomics consortium, one of nine NIH sponsored p50 structural genomic centres, provides TB consortium members with automated crystallization, data collection and basic molecular replacement (MR) structure solution up to bias minimized electron density ma…
It has been shown for several years that the second virial coefficient, A(2), can be helpfully used to describe the thermodynamic behavior of biological macromolecules in solution prior to crystallization. The coefficient, which reflects either repulsive or attractive interactions between particles, can allow a rapid…
2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol (MPD) is the most popular chemical additive used for crystallization of biological macromolecules. However, the mechanism of its action on proteins in aqueous solution is not well understood. We have carried out a systematic analysis of the conformation and environment of MPD molecules bound t…
Confocal micro-Raman imaging was used to investigate the structural and, to some extent, the chemical inhomogeneities that exist in a high-quality, free-standing, polished, optically transparent boron-doped chemical-vapor-deposition (CVD) diamond disk. A number of boron-related Raman lines centered at about 610, 925,…
A novel method is presented to synthesize herringbone-stacked carbon nanofibers in high selectivity using cobaltocene as the catalytic precursor. Thiophene was essential for carbon nanofiber growth while hydrogen was used as the carrier gas. Selectivity close to 100% was achieved using cobaltocene, thiophene, and hydr…
Granada Crystallisation Box (GCB) is a new crystallisation device designed to perform counter-diffusion experiments. Here we describe the device and its use for protein crystallisation purposes. GCB allows one to explore and exploit the coupling between crystallisation and diffusion. The role of viscous fluids, gels a…