Materials Literature
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Butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) has been used as the most effective nonformaldehyde crosslinking agent for cotton and wood pulp cellulose. Our previous research has indicated that a polycarboxylic acid esterifies cellulose in two steps: the formation of a five-membered cyclic anhydride intermediate by the dehydratio…
Melting of acrylonitrile polymers (which have a tendency to degrade before melting) was detected during their heat treatments at high heating rates (i.e., 80°C min−1 or above). The probable reason for their melting at such higher heating rates is discussed. The melting behavior of acrylonitrile polymers was also studi…
Oil palm empty fruit bunch–polypropylene (EFB–PP) composites were produced by employing 2 types of compounding techniques, that is, an internal mixer and a single-screw extruder. The mechanical and water absorption properties of both types of composites were investigated. Overall, for both types of composites, the inc…
The yield conditions for the displacement of three-dimensional fluid droplets from solid boundaries are studied through a series of numerical computations. The study considers low-Reynolds-number shear flows over plane boundaries and includes interfacial forces with constant surface tension. A comprehensive study is c…
Bulk, silica-, and zirconia−silica-supported 12-molybdophosphoric acid (HPMo) catalysts have been characterized by 31 P and 1 H-magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of pyridine adsorption. Two species, bound to the support surface an…
Nanocomposite films of gold nanoparticles and TiO2 gel have been successfully prepared by combination of a surface sol−gel technique and layer-by-layer assembly. Thanks to surface hydroxyl groups of gold nanoperticles, gold particles were deposited as close-packed monolayers on TiO2 gel layers. The resulting nanocompo…
We have synthesized Mn-doped and Tb-doped ZnS nanoclusters within the microphase-separated films of diblock copolymers containing carboxylic acid units on one of the blocks. The loading of metal ions can be monitored using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The impurity ion content of the acid-co…
This work contributes to the study of aroma transfers through edible and plastic packaging films. Permeability, sorption, and diffusivity of three methyl ketones (2-heptanone, 2-octanone, and 2-nonanone) in and through low-density polyethylene and methylcellulose-based edible films have been determined. Permeability w…
A short review of correlated electrons in molecular systems has been performed. Main attention has been focussed on ET salts, which are the d=2 systems. They show the Mott transition in high temperatures and the transition from the antiferromagnetic to the superconducting phase in low temperatures, under a (chemical)…
We study the dynamics of cracks in brittle materials when the velocity of the crack is comparable to the sound velocity by means of lattice simulations. Inertial and damped dynamics are analyzed. It is shown that dissipation strongly influences the shape of the crack. While inertial cracks are highly unstable, dissipa…
Formation and interconversion of cobalt hydroxides have been investigated with XRD, FTIR, and compositional analysis. Effects of addition time, aging time, and preparative atmosphere on phase transformation and materials synthesis in ammoniacal solution have been systematically examined. A new precursor phase with hyd…
The experimental phase diagram of the binary system implying the nonisomorphous consecutive n -alkanes heneicosane (C 21 H 44 ) and docosane (C 22 H 46 ) has been determined by combining X-ray diffraction and microcalorimetric methods. The phase diagram is very complex. X-ray experiments performed on powder samples at…
A new polymorph of ZrW 2 O 8, structurally related to trigonal ZrMo 2 O 8, has been prepared at low temperatures using nonhydrolytic sol−gel chemistry. Its identity was established by powder X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). This material is dens…
Manganese(III) β -mono-, di-, tri-, and tetrachloro-5,10,15,20-tetrakis( N -ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (MnCl x TE-2-PyP 5+, with x from 1 to 4) were prepared through β -chlorination of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2-pyridyl)porphyrin (H 2 T-2-PyP) followed by N -ethylation and metallation. Metal centered redox potentials a…
Particle size distributions determined by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are investigated for samples of interacting hard spheres. Polydispersity in the samples is determined from the SAXS data by fitting the Porod region to the form factor of a sphere of uniform electro…
Bulk samples of carbon multilayer nanotubes with the structure of nested cones (fishbone structure) suitable for transport measurements, were prepared by compressing under high pressure (~25 kbar) a nanotube precursor synthesized through thermal decomposition of polyethylene catalyzed by nickel. The structure of the i…
A new phenomenon is observed experimentally in a heavily doped asymmetric quantum-size structure in a magnetic field parallel to the quantum-well layers - a transverse magnetoresistance which is asymmetric in the field (there can even be a change in sign) and is observed in the case that the structure has a built-in l…
We have prepared a series of molecular models of porous glass using a recently developed procedure (Gelb, L. D.; Gubbins, K. E. Langmuir 1998, 14, 2097) that mimics the experimental processes that produce Vycor and controlled-pore glasses. We calculate nitrogen adsorption isotherms in these precisely characterized mod…
In the La-Ti-O system many phases with different structures exist depending on the actual oxygen content. Starting from LaTiO<SUB>3</SUB>, which has an orthorhombic unit cell, to the monoclinic La<SUB>2</SUB>Ti<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB> structure, first semiconducting, then metallic and finally ferroelectric characteri…
Two slow, long-ranged relaxations in melts of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) were studied using the noninvasive dynamic light-scattering technique of photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). Measurements were made for two PEO samples, one with a molecular weight distinctly above the entanglement value and a second sample wi…