Materials Literature
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The 38th General Meeting of the German Colloid Society was held at the University of Essen, Germany, from September 29th to October 2nd, 1997. The selection of papers presented in this volume covers a
Pore size estimation of materials, whose surface areas and volumes are so small that nitrogen adsorption cannot be measured, is investigated by applying krypton adsorption at 77K. The krypton adsorption-desorption isotherms at 77K on the porous silicas whose pore radii are in the range of 1.36 to 5.20nm showed capilla…
Influence of space charge on dc tree propagation is studied using many insulating polymer materials under divergent fields. The inception voltage and the propagation of dc treeing are affected strongly by space charge. Space charge formation in polymers was observed directly by using thermally stimulated current (TSC)…
The XPS spectra of argon ion etched aluminum metal were collected with a VSW HA150. This spectrometer is equipped with monochromatic Al Kα x-radiation, a 16 channel multichannel detector, and an electrostatic hemispherical analyzer with a radius of 150 mm providing an instrument with exceptional capabilities. We repor…
An anodic stripping voltammetric determination of lead ions in laboratory prepared solutions is described utilizing a poly(vinylsulfonate)-doped polyaniline modified glassy carbon electrode. The experimental signals observed were similar to those of typical stripping methods and showed excellent linearity within the m…
Lanthanum fluoride thin films were prepared on silica glass substrates by a sol-gel method using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as a fluorine source. A coating solution was produced from lanthanum acetate and trifluoroacetic acid dissolved in 2-propanol. Triuoroacetate gel films were formed by spin coating the sol, which…
Sawdust of rubber wood has been subjected to surface modification by treatment with sodium polysulphide. The product exhibits a good adsorption potential for Co(H). The percentage of Co(H) adsorption increases with increase in temperature and decrease in initial Co(H) concentration. Sorbent is effective for the quanti…
Abstract We present a combination of electrochemical methods, i.e. polyelectrolyte titration and streaming potential measurement, and AFM to characterise the adsorption and desorption behaviour and the morphology of a set of polyquaternium polymers on human hair. Specific charge density and molar mass are correlated t…
In this paper, the authors introduce the concept of generalized differential matrix operators (GDMOs) that are useful for the formulation of electromagnetic boundary value problems in arbitrary orthogonal coordinate systems, e.g., Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical. The most significant attribute of the GDMO approac…
The reaction between sulfur and sodium carbonate at 350 °C has been investigated, and the products of the reaction have been identified at room temperature by using IR and Raman spectroscopies. The reaction is a disproportionation of sulfur in sodium thiosulfate (oxidized species) and in a polysulfide (reduced species…
Aluminum bronze which has high corrosion resistance, high strength and easy castability is recently expected as a new plastic mold or a shell mold core material in place of steel conventionally used. On the other hand, it is reported that the EDMed surface with metal powder mixed fluid has smaller surface roughness an…
Real-time monitoring and control of the growth of plasma-deposited gradient-index structures by multiwavelength phase-modulated ellipsometry are presented. An efficient method for estimating the optical parameters based on a least-squares fitting on the most recent recorded measurements is described. This method is us…
Highly crystalline and single-walled micrometer-sized carbon tubes several centimeters in length have been prepared via the pyrolysis of composite fibers consisting of a thermally stable polypyrrole skin layer and a thermally degradable PET core fiber.
Samples of cobalt oxide spinel doped with a range of cations (Li, Ni, Zn, Cu, Al, Ga, Mn, Ti, Sn, Ge) have been prepared and examined by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Surface enrichment in the dopant species is frequently observed. Determination of the ratio of the two cobalt oxidation states…
A quantitative fracture model is presented for slow crack growth in amorphous silica. The model is based on semiempirical quantum molecular orbital calculations using the Austin method AM1. The fracture of three-, four-, five- and six-member silica rings is modelled in four cases to determine the reaction pathways und…
The kinetics of structural change of a highly ordered kaolinite intercalated with potassium acetate have been studied through both intercalation and deintercalation. Deintercalation of the intercalated kaolinite, brought about by washing for different time intervals was followed by both X-ray diffraction and Raman mic…
Abstract : The values of the dielectric constant of simple molecules is discussed first, along with the relationship between the dielectric constant and other physical properties such as boiling point, melting point and refractive index. The Debye equation shows the relationship of dielectric constant with the polariz…
Diatoms were examined from the skin of a male sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus L.) stranded on the Belgian shore in 1994 on its return from the northern Atlantic to more southern latitudes. The morphology (LM and SEM) and taxonomy of the three ceticolous taxa present are discussed. Epiphalaina aleutica Holmes, Naga…
Textile construction is well known for having a significant effect on the ballistic response of fabrics. One possible mechanism for this effect is the change in yarn-yarn interaction with changes in weave geometry. During an impact event, strain waves propagate through both fill and warp yarns. Energy transfer from wa…
In this paper the authors present a two-step algorithm for predicting the core losses in an electrical machine. As a first step, the flux patterns in the cross section of the machine are calculated by using a time stepped two-dimensional finite element (FE) model, neglecting hysteresis and eddy currents in the laminat…