Materials Literature
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Abstract The effects of dissolved supercritical carbon dioxide on the viscosity and morphological properties were investigated for polyethylene/polystyrene blends in a twin‐screw extruder. The viscosities of the blend/CO 2 solutions were measured using a wedge die mounted on the extruder. A considerable reduction of v…
Barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) can be doped with La 3+ ions via partial substitution for Ba 2+ ions; charge balance is maintained by the creation of Ti 4+ vacancies. Samples processed in an atmosphere of 1 bar O 2 and a temperature of 1350°C are insulating and free from electronic defects associated with either O 2 loss o…
In the computation of magnetic fields for rotating electric machines, transformers, and reactors, the hysteresis nonlinearity sometimes has to be taken into account. Nowadays, many scalar hysteresis models are known for one-directional fields. The main problem with using these models is that the models are complicated…
Thin, boron‐doped diamond films formed on a silicon substrate were evaluated during water electrolysis in acidic solution in order to determine their potential for industrial use. Though the electrode exhibited overvoltages in excess of 2 V in the industrial current range, ozone gas was produced at a current efficienc…
The functionalization of spider silk fibers promises to produce high-strength fibers with very interesting properties, for example, magnetism. A method is described to prepare hybrid spider silk materials by binding inorganic nanoparticles to the surface or near-surface region of a silk fiber immersed in a colloidal s…
We have developed an optical method for single-shot spatially resolved shock-wave peak-pressure measurements. A schlieren technique and streak photography were used to follow the propagation of the shock wave. The shock position r as a function of time was extracted from the streak images by digital image-processing t…
The effects of remaining monomer on hydrolysis of poly(DL-lactide) were examined by adding different amounts of monomer to purified polymer samples. The existence of monomer in the polymerization products was found to enhance hydrolytic degradation of the polymer. A porous texture was observed on the SEM photographs o…
This paper deals with the application of the ultra high-frequency method (UHF-method) for the detection of partial discharges (PD) in gas-insulated substations (GIS). First, a review of the GIS-relevant part of the theory of electromagnetic wave propagation in the UHF-range (300 MHz-3 GHz) is given. New information co…
Polyhydroxyalkanaote (PHA) is known to be temporarily stored by microorganisms in activated sludge especially in the anaerobic-aerobic processes. When PHA is extracted from activated sludge, it is a thermoplastic with the remarkable characteristics of biodegradability. We investigated the possibility of using activate…
Abstract An experimental feasibility study of using ultrasound to accomplish the dificult desorption of phenol from activated carbon and polymeric resin adsorbents is discussed. The desorption rates of activated carbon were found to significantly increase by ultrasound at 40 kHz and 1.44 MHz. Attrition of the activate…
Protein binding on metallic implant surfaces, such as titanium, is governed by the physico-chemical nature of the metallic surface. Human plasma fibronectin (HPF) is an important matrix glycoprotein that mediates cell and protein attachment to each other or to the extracellular matrix present during wound healing. The…
Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are inherently nonlinear devices exhibiting significant hysteresis in their stress-strain-temperature characteristic. As a consequence most SMA actuator systems presented in the literature employ some form of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) or pulse-width modulated (PWM) control. Howe…
Polarized Raman spectra of undoped and doped ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{M}_{x}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ single crystals have been studied in the temperature range from 5 to 423 K ($M=\mathrm{Sr},$ Ca). The spectral intensity is mainly related to scattering by optical phonons at $q\ensuremath{\sim}0$ (for $x\ensuremat…
The paper is concerned with chemical vapor deposition in hot wall reactors and in particular with the interaction of homogeneous gas-phase and heterogeneous surface reactions. Based on model considerations it is shown that this interaction has a tremendous influence on the deposition chemistry and kinetics in all case…
Uptake experiments at ambient temperature of NO 2 on ethylene, acetylene and toluene soot resulted in significant amounts of HONO. The initial uptake coefficient γ0 of NO 2 on ethylene soot decreased from 0.12 to 0.03 with increasing NO 2 concentration in the range 8×10 10 to 1.4×10 13 molecule s −1 . The HONO yields…
Silica glasses with high surface area were prepared by the sol−gel method, the electrical conductivity of which was measured as a function of the content of adsorbed water. The glasses obtained by heating at 400−800 °C had specific surface areas of 700−900 m 2 /g glass and exhibited room-temperature conductivities of…
Deviations from the ideal single-file behavior in actual systems, such as zeolitic host−guest systems with a one-dimensional channel structure, may occur if (i) there is a possibility of mutual passages of the diffusants and (ii) the influence of the file boundary on the movement of the diffusants cannot be neglected.…
Diffusion barrier properties of very thin sputtered Ta and reactively sputtered TaN films used as a barrier layer between Cu and Si substrates were investigated using electrical measurement and materials analysis. The Cu/Ta/p + ‐n junction diodes with the Ta barrier of 5, 10, and 25 nm thicknesses were able to sustain…
Arrays of aligned, multiwalled carbon nanotubes were produced by catalytically pyrolyzing acetylene within the pores of an anodic aluminum oxide template. Small cobalt catalyst particles were predeposited electrochemically at the bottom of the pores. The tube walls consisted of approximately 10 carbon layers with an i…
We derive closed-form expressions for the effective index of subwavelength gratings up to the fourth and the second order for TE and TM polarization, respectively. These expressions are valid for arbitrary grating structures and are a generalization of previous results obtained for lamellar gratings with one groove pe…