Materials Literature
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A new electrolyte is presented for the electrochemical formation of porous silicon. The electrolyte, an ammonium fluoride etch mixture (AFEM), is used instead of hydrofluoric acid (HF) which is normally used for porous silicon (PS) formation. The main advantage of AFEM is that it attacks aluminium at a significantly l…
: X-ray counting statistics plays a key role in establishing confidence limits in composition determination by X-ray microanalysis. The process starts with measurements of intensity on one or more samples and standards as well as related background determinations. Since each individual measurement is subject to variab…
β-phase Cu-48at% Zn single-crystal slices with (100)β and (110)p surface orientations have been dezincified in vacuum at 450 and 600°C for various times, and the resulting surfaces have been studied by optical microscopy, and also by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. On dezincification, the β phase become…
Other| December 01, 1998 Characterization of neoformed illite from hydrothermal experiments at 250 degrees C and P (sub v,soln) ; an HRTEM/ATEM study Douglas M. Yates; Douglas M. Yates Washington State University, Department of Geology, Pullman, WA, United States Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Sc…
Abstract Aiming at a synergism of improvements of impact strength of polypropylene by the addition of β-crystal nucleator and of its rigidity by the filling of particulate, the addition of the nucleator to particulate-filled polypropylenes has been studied. 0 to 3000 ppm of γ-quinacridone (GQ) which is a β-crystal nuc…
Polyaniline (PAN)—an electrically conductive conjugated polymer—was always of major interest due to its unique properties. However, the insolubility of PAN in common organic solvents hampered commercial exploitation. The synthesis of new copolymers of aniline and chalcophenes is reported. The Figure shows a scanning e…
An estimate for the minimum film thickness required to give the scattering state of a reflective display material, such as a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) or polymer stabilized cholesteric texture (PSCT), a desired diffuse luminous reflectance is presented. It is concluded that single scattering models are n…
Commercial gelatin is a heterogeneous proteinaceous product with a broad range of molecular weights. The use of gelatin to prepare insoluble nanoparticles depends largely on the presence of high molecular weight fractions that can be separated by size-exclusion chromatography. The purpose of this study was to determin…
Abstract The structure of the interlayer cation-water system in La-vermiculite with a unit cell of a = 5.33(5), b = 9.18(6), c = 15.13(9) Å and β = 96.82(7)° has been determined in space group C 2/ m . Under ambient conditions, the interlayer La cations are distributed on a 3 a × b superlattice which disappears on deh…
We present a systematic investigation of the microstructures resulting from simulations of overdamped dislocation dynamics and quantitatively assess the impact of various slip system constraints and force truncation schemes. We show that the degree of local ordering in these structures correlates with the number of ac…
Reactive ion etching of indium‐tin oxide using HBr/ feed gas at 250°C has been studied in four areas: feed gas composition, power, loading factor, and surface analysis. The result was compared with that using HCl/ as the feed gas. There was no anomalous high rate peak throughout the whole concentration range. Etch rat…
Abstract The available data on compositional zoning in grossular-andradite (grandite) garnets occurring at different scales, mainly due to the variations of their Fe 3+ /Al ratios, and the hypotheses on the origin of this zoning are reviewed. Four zoned crystals of grandites showing different optical properties have b…
For unstabilised PE the rate of oxygen uptake and CO and CO2 formation, the increase in carbonyl absorbance and the deterioration of the elongation at break are highest for two different accelerated weathering tests and less high in outdoor weathering tests in Florida and in the south of France. These rates are lowest…
High-resolution Brillouin spectroscopy was used to investigate the elastic properties of $[{\mathrm{NH}}_{3}{(\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_{3}{)]}_{5}{\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cl}}_{11}.$ The temperature dependences of nine phonon modes propagating in the directions [100], [010], [001], [110], [101], and [011] were obtained…
Addition of small amounts of an organic peroxide can be added to poly(propylene) during melt processing for controlled degradation to yield a polymer with higher melt flow rates and a more narrow molecular weight distribution. This technology is widely used by poly(propylene) producers to generate a variety of melt fl…
Abstract Zirkelite, a cubic mineral of general formula (Ti,Ca,Zr)O 2−x occurs as an accessory mineral in phoscorites, carbonatites and associated rocks in the Sebl'yavr complex. After pyrochlore, it is the main mineral concentrating niobium in these rocks. Zirkelite forms platy crystals comprising polysynthetic octahe…
The temperature dependence of the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of Si nanocrystallites prepared using an inert-gas-ambient pulsed laser ablation technique was characterized. Although the PL intensity of as-deposited Si nanocrystallites was very weak at room temperature, it increased with annealing in N2 or O2 gas. Th…
Summary We have studied microstructural changes in montmorillonite and kaolinite, which were amended with organic debris (leaves of chestnut or beech), microbial inoculum and nutrients and subjected, for 30 days at 25°C, to alternate drying and wetting (D–W) or kept continuously moist at water‐holding capacity (WHC).…
Poly(2-vinylpyridine N -oxide) (P2VPNO) and poly(4-vinylpyridine N -oxide) (P4VPNO) were synthesized by the oxidation of the corresponding poly(vinylpyridine)s. They are soluble in water and have a characteristic fluorescence in aqueous solutions. The fluorescence intensities of P2VPNO were over 3 times that of P4VPNO…
Raman spectra of kaolinite and of the formamide-intercalated kaolinite were obtained at both 298 and 77 K using a Raman microprobe equipped with a thermal stage. Upon cooling to 77 K, the band attributed to the inner hydroxyl shifts by 5 cm-1 to lower wavenumbers and the bands assigned to the inner surface hydroxyls m…