Materials Literature
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We describe a method for producing arrays of atomically flat mesa structures on Si(111) through the deposition of Si on a lithographically patterned substrate in the temperature range 750–850 °C. The Si source was a supersonic beam of Si2H6. With an appropriate choice of substrate temperature and deposition rate, the…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Cordierite has been the cost-effective material of choice for diesel particulate filters (DPFs) for heavy duty vehicles due to its combination of excellent thermal shock resistance, filtration efficiency, and durability under most operating conditions. However, it has been observe…
The electrical properties of amorphous carbon are governed by the high localization of the ${\mathrm{sp}}^{2}\ensuremath{\pi}$ states, and conventional methods of altering the ${\mathrm{sp}}^{2}$ content result in macroscopic graphitization. By using ion beams we have achieved a delocalization of the \ensuremath{\pi}…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Blending pyrolitic oil (or Waste Plastic Disposal) produced from household and industrial plastic wastes with Marine Heavy Fuel Oil (C.Oil) reduces the viscosity of the heavy oil significantly. The experimental results indicated that, the WPD mixing ratio of 20 vol.% reduces the e…
A computational model which describes the combustion and heat transfer that takes place during forced regeneration of honeycomb structured wall flow type diesel particulate filter was developed. In this model, heat released by the soot- oxygen reaction, convection heat transfer in the gas phase, conductive heat transf…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">As demand for wall-flow Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF) increases, accurate predictions of DPF behavior, and in particular their pressure drop, under a wide range of operating conditions bears significant engineering applications. In this work, validation of a model and developme…
Epitaxial growth of CeO2(001) thin films on Si(001) substrates was achieved by electron beam evaporation. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction and cross-sectional high-resolution transmission electron microscopy established the formation of an epitaxial CeO2(001)/Si(001) structure with a cube-on-cube configurat…
Neither pure Mott insulators nor pure charge-transfer insulators have ever been considered as a possible candidate for nonlinear optical (NLO) materials since individually neither the strong correlation (U) nor the large charge transfer (Delta) is favorable to the NLO response. However, in their composites, charge-tra…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Energy savings are among the most important goals of steel users. Usinor proposes a wide range of very high strength steels (HSLA, DP, TRIP, etc.) for weight reduction and impact resistance. This text deals with the mechanical testing and different design solutions associated with…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">The LEV II and EURO V legislation in 2007/2008 require a high conversion level for nitrogen oxides to meet the emission levels for diesel SUVs and trucks. Therefore, U.S. and European truck manufacturers are considering the introduction of urea SCR systems no later than model year…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Transesterified fuels (biodiesel fuels; BDF) from vegetable oils are alternative fuels for diesel engines, they are renewable and offer potential reductions in carbon dioxide emissions. Many studies have reported that exhaust from BDF has equal or higher NOx concentrations while H…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">The potential for thermoelectric power generation via waste heat recovery onboard automobiles to displace alternators and/or provide additional charging to a hybrid vehicle battery pack has increased with recent advances in thermoelectric materials processing. A preliminary design…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">The maximum use temperature of a diesel particulate filter is often thought to be limited only by the melting point of the filter material itself. This paper suggests that the maximum practical use temperature for filters is limited not by the intrinsic filter melting temperature,…
A possibility of explaining the light absorption observed to occur under pressure-induced xenon metallization as due to the transition to the superconducting state is analyzed. The mechanism of the van der Waals bonding is discussed.
By introducing a set of auxiliary equations representing a many-body system, we have derived an extension of the Kohn-Sham scheme for the density functional theory. These equations consist of a Kohn-Sham-type equation determining single-particle orbitals and an eigen-value equation for an effective many-body problem.…
A series of calculations on MgB2 and related isoelectronic systems indicates that the layer of Mg(2+) ions lowers the non-bonding B "pi" (p_z) bands relative to the bonding "sigma" (sp_xp_y) bands compared to graphite, causing sigma --> pi charge transfer and sigma band doping of 0.13 holes/cell. Due to their two dime…
The physical mechanisms for damage formation in graphite films induced by femtosecond laser pulses are analyzed using a microscopic electronic theory. We describe the nonequilibrium dynamics of electrons and lattice by performing molecular dynamics simulations on time-dependent potential energy surfaces. We show that…
The correlation between prepatterned catalyst film thickness and carbon nanotube (CNT) growth by selective area chemical vapor deposition (CVD) was studied using Fe and Ni as catalyst. To eliminate sample-to-sample variations and create a growth environment in which the film thickness is the sole variable, samples wit…
Natural fiber–reinforced polyester matrix composite materials are evaluated both for strength performance and cost. The flexural strength of composites fabricated with untreated chopped natural fibers is comparable only to the performance of low-strength wooden agglomerates and plywood. Nevertheless, it is shown here…
Copolymers of aniline and N-ethylaniline were prepared by chemical oxidation with ammonium peroxodisulphate in aqueous acidic medium under nitrogen atmosphere. The products have been characterized by solubility, spectroscopic method, and electrical conductivity measurement. The solubility and spectroscopic analysis su…