Materials Literature
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Multiarm block copolymers were synthesized via anionic ring-opening multibranching polymerization (ROMBP) of glycidol followed by addition of propylene oxide. The resulting polyether−polyols with molecular weights in the range 5000−12 000 g/mol possessed up to five propylene oxide units per end group and showed narrow…
We study the range of orientational order of a single layer of cylindrical block copolymer microdomains annealed on several types of substrates. The orientational persistence length or nematic correlation length (ξ) is evaluated using recently developed imaging and analysis methods to measure the grain size of the blo…
It is shown that the Abrikosov's vortex solution or its corresponding two-particle pair potential is not the solution of the self-consistency equation in Gor'kov's formalism. Since the self-consistency equation leads to a superposition of different types of off-diagonal long-range order (ODLRO) instead of one type of…
Multilayer thin films of sequentially adsorbed polyelectrolytes were utilized as nanoreactors for both metallic (Ag) and semiconductor nanoparticles (PbS). Polyelectrolyte multilayers with a controlled content of free carboxylic acid binding groups were fabricated with weak polyelectrolytes via suitable pH adjustments…
Utilization of layered polyelectrolyte films as sensor or ion-separation materials will depend critically on their stability and ion permeability in aqueous solution. We report electrochemical and in situ ellipsometric studies on the permeability and stability of poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (…
The co-condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and organotrialkoxysilane molecules by neutral alkylamine surfactant assembly (S 0 I 0 ) is a convenient synthesis methodology for the one-step preparation of organically functionalized mesostructured materials. Two distinct approaches were considered for the formation o…
We have studied the compression and structure of compressed monolayers of sulfate polystyrene latex particles on air/water and octane/water interfaces. If compressed sufficiently (on a Langmuir trough) the monolayers at air/water surfaces give rafts of hexagonally packed particles, while those at oil/water interfaces…
This report describes the effect of solvent refractive index and core charge on the surface plasmon absorbance of alkanethiolate monolayer-protected gold clusters (MPCs). Solution spectra of dodecanethiolate MPCs (5.2 nm average diameter) reveal an 8-nm shift in plasmon band position as the solvent refractive index is…
Freon gas as chlorofluorocarbon or hydrofluorocarbon has been used as a refrigerant in air-conditioning systems. In particular, dichlorodifluoromethane (R12) and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a) have been widely used because of their outstanding chemical stability. Although they are being severe restricted because of…
The growth of many epitaxial thin-film oxides is significantly enhanced with the use of an oxidizing agent such as atomic oxygen, ozone, or NO2. We developed a flow-through microwave plasma source to generate large atomic oxygen fluxes while maintaining vacuum pressures of less that 1×10−4 Torr. Continuous and real-ti…
For a class of (Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)O3 ferroelectric thin films, the Merz equation adequately describes the dynamics of switching resistance. A single parameter, activation field, can be used to relate the coercive field throughout the polarization fatigue process. We suggest that the increased switching resistance causes…
The effect of curing history on the residual stress behaviors in semiflexible structure poly(4,4′-oxydiphenylene pyromellitimide) (PMDA–ODA) and rigid structure poly(p-phenylene biphenyltetracarboximide) (BPDA–PDA) polyimide was investigated. Depending upon the curing history and different structures of polyimide, the…
Various copolyesters were synthesized by bulk polycondensation of the respective combinations of 1,4;3,6-dianhydro-D-glucitol (1) as the diol component and 1,1-bis[5-(methoxycarbonyl)-2-furyl]ethane (3b) and seven dimethyl dialkanoates with methylene chain lengths of 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, and 12 (4a–4g) as the dicarboxyl…
Polyaniline–epoxy novolac resin composite materials (PANI–RESIN) were prepared by emulsion polymerization technique and characterized by infrared and electronic absorption spectra, conductivity, particle size, and thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric analysis. The conductivity of PANI–RESIN samples…
A water-specific permeameter was developed to study water diffusion in an unsaturated polyester; these polyesters are often used as high-barrier materials. Low water enrichment of a dry sweeping gas is measured via the dew point temperature, with two hygrometers, one of which is used because of its fast response and t…
The sensing characteristics of in-plane polarized lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films were studied and compared with the through-thickness polarized PZT films. The in-plane polarized PZT films were deposited on ZrO2-passivated silicon substrates and had interdigitated electrode systems on the top surface; hence,…
Vinyl trimethoxysilane and vinyl triethoxysilane grafting reactions, induced by dicumyl peroxide, of LDPE, HDPE, and LLDPE were investigated. The apparent activation energy of vinyl trimethoxysilane grafting reactions was positive when the reactions were induced by 0.2 phr of the peroxide. The apparent activation ener…
The effect of heteroepitaxy-induced constraint on the structure and piezoelectric properties of the relaxor ferroelectric lead magnesium niobate–lead titanate (PMN–PT) were investigated. Relaxor PMN–PT epitaxial thin films with oxide electrodes were grown by pulsed-laser deposition on (100) LaAlO3 substrates. We obser…
The electro-optic performance characteristic of polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) composite films out of poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) and nematic liquid crystal (E7) have been studied for a wide range of PVB–E7 composite compositions (20–70 wt % of E7). Composites were prepared by solvent casting from chloroform at…
Various copolyesters were synthesized by bulk polycondensation of the respective combinations of 1,4;3,6-dianhydro-D-glucitol (1) as the diol component and 1,1-bis[5-(methoxycarbonyl)-2-furyl]ethane (3b) and seven dimethyl dialkanoates with methylene chain lengths of 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, and 12 (4a–4g) as the dicarboxyl…