Materials Literature
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Raman scattering and far-infrared absorption spectra of PbS nanocrystals with radii of 2 nm are presented. The experimental results are consistent with theoretical calculations which account correctly for the mechanical boundary conditions at the nanocrystal-host interface, and include the first observation of the mix…
We study the combined influence of spin double exchange and Jahn-Teller lattice coupling to holes in the ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{A}_{x}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ perovskites ( $A\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{a},\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{r},\phantom{\rule{0ex}{…
A qualitatively different character of de Haas--van Alphen oscillations has been found in a multiband (quasi)two-dimensional Fermi liquid with a fixed fermion density ${n}_{e}$ (canonical ensemble) compared with an open system where the chemical potential $\ensuremath{\mu}$ is kept fixed (grand canonical ensemble). A…
We find spatial anisotropy in the asymptotic correlations of two-dimensional Ising models under non-equilibrium phase-ordering. Anisotropy is seen for critical and off-critical quenches and both conserved and non-conserved dynamics. We argue that spatial anisotropy is generic for scalar systems (including Potts models…
Pollen grains made conductive for SEM by coating in a series of osmium and thiocarbohydrazide solutions (OTOTO) show charging artifacts when nonconductive detritus (sand grains, plant fragments, etc.) is present in the immediate sample area of the SEM scanning probe. Standard sputter coating of the sample makes the de…
The crystal structure of triammonium hydrogen diselenate (NH4)3H(SeO4)2 in phase V is studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The space group symmetry (Cc) and structure parameters are determined at −130 °C. The difference of the structure between phase IV and phase V is discussed. The origin of the spontaneous p…
The optical parameters of optically uniaxial γ1-(GaxIn1−x)2Se3 single crystals are systematically measured and analyzed. The optical rotatory power along the optical c-axis is determined in visible spectral region at 77 K and at room temperature and complemented with theoretical estimates for other crystallographic di…
Clusters are an important state of matter, consisting of aggregates of atoms and molecules that are small enough not to have the same properties as the bulk liquid or solid. Quantum states in clusters are size-dependent, leading to new electronic, optical, and magnetic properties. Clusters offer attractive possibiliti…
Luminescent properties of Eu2+ or Ce3+ doped SrGa2S4 powder samples are investigated over the temperature range 30 to 300 K. Up to 300 K the lifetime remains constant (τ0 = 480 and 24 ns for Eu2+ and Ce3+, respectively) showing that the probability of non-radiative transitions is negligible at room temperature. The de…
Abstract Der Sehvorgang sowie andere durch Licht ausgelöste biochemische Umsetzungen in Pflanzen und Lebewesen sind ausgeklügelte biologische Vorgänge, in denen optische Signale registriert und in (physiko)chemische umgesetzt werden. Photoschaltbare Biomakromoleküle sind eine neue Klasse von Substanzen, in denen optis…
Electrochromic vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) thin films are prepared by the physical vapour deposition method using an electron beam gun. The transmission spectra of V2O5 thin films are measured and studied before and after UV irradiation. It is observed that the optical transmission minimum which occurs at 320 nm does no…
Multidimensional potential energy surfaces for systems larger than about 15 atoms are so complex that interpreting their topographies and the consequent dynamics requires statistical analyses of their minima and saddles. Sequences of minimum-saddle-minimum points provide a characterization of such surfaces. Two exampl…
Current research into semiconductor clusters is focused on the properties of quantum dots—fragments of semiconductor consisting of hundreds to many thousands of atoms—with the bulk bonding geometry and with surface states eliminated by enclosure in a material that has a larger band gap. Quantum dots exhibit strongly s…
The crystal structure of [Mn(TPP)Cl] in space group I4/m (where TPP is C44H28N4) has been determined. The unit cell contains two full molecules, with one eighth of a molecule unique. An out-of-plane model for the Mn atom was applied and all non-H atoms were refined anisotropically. The Mn--N distance is 2.002 (3) A, t…
The electronic structure of ${\mathrm{Ag}}_{2+\ensuremath{\delta}}\mathrm{S}$ single crystals is investigated as a function of temperature and nonstoichiometry, $\ensuremath{\delta}$. It is shown that the stoichiometric, low-temperature $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-${\mathrm{Ag}}_{2}$S phase is a band insulator with correlat…
We studied electro-optical properties of 5–13-μm-thick films of a short pitch (0.43 μm) chiral smectic C liquid crystal in bookshelf structure. The anchoring at the silane treated surfaces was relatively weak so that the relaxed bookshelf structure was helical also at the surfaces. Low fields cause only a deformation…
The synthesis of macrocycle-containing liquid crystals is reviewed with particular emphasis on derivatives of synthetic aza crowns. The synthesis of the C-functionalized thioether crowns (HO)$_{2}$[14]aneS$_{4}$ and (HO)$_{2}$[16]aneS$_{4}$ is described, and their derivatization to give oligobenzoate esters discussed.…
Using Möller–Plesset second-order perturbation theory (MP2) for the geometry optimizations, we have examined various structural possibilities for the Si4C cluster. The energies of the MP2-optimized structures have been calculated using singles and doubles coupled cluster (CCSD) theory and the CCSD (T) method. The stru…
Hydrogen absorption by 200--2000-\AA{}-thick Pd-capped Nb films, between 5 and 110 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, was studied by simultaneous four-probe resistivity and volumetric measurements. The resistivity as a function of hydrogen concentration was measured while charging the films with hydrogen, and was u…
The structure of tin(II) oxyhydroxide, Sn6O4(OH)4, has been refined by Rietveld analysis of X-ray powder diffraction data. Atomic parameters based on the isostructural lead analogue were used in the starting model. The structure was refined in the tetragonal space group P\overline{4}21c with a = 7.9268 (4) and c = 9.1…