Materials Literature
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The performance of a VO2 thin-film microbolometer has been investigated. The device is operated within 35°C<T<60°C, in the hysteretic metal-insulator transition region. An algebraic hysteresis model has been used to model the resistance-temperature characteristic of the sensor. It accurately describes th…
We used a time-of-flight method to study the charge carrier mobility properties of a molecular-aligned discotic liquid crystal semiconductor based on Cu-phthalocyanine. The heated isotropic-phase semiconductor material was sandwiched between transparent electrodes coated onto glass substrates without conventional alig…
A novel process for wrapping individual myoglobin molecules with an ultrathin shell of silica is reported. Confinement of single protein molecules in microemulsion water droplets followed by the controlled hydrolysis and condensation of tetramethoxysilane at the oil/water interface produces discrete protein/ silica na…
The effect of nitride passivation on the visible photoluminescence from nanocrystal Si (nc-Si) is investigated. Silicon-rich silicon nitride (SRSN) and silicon-rich silicon oxide (SRSO), which consist of nc-Si embedded in silicon nitride and silicon oxide, respectively, were prepared by reactive ultrahigh vacuum ion b…
A spherical, disordered, wormhole-like nanocomposite, consisting of 115 nm diameter MCM-41 particles containing 3 nm diameter Pt nanoparticles (see Figure), is described. A surfactant that stabilizes and prevents aggregation of the Pt nanoparticles during synthesis is removed by calcination, resulting in a high Pt cat…
The structural, thermodynamic and optical properties of ${\mathrm{Mg}}_{2}\mathrm{Ni}$ thin films covered with Pd are investigated upon exposure to hydrogen. Similar to bulk, thin films of metallic ${\mathrm{Mg}}_{2}\mathrm{Ni}$ take up 4 hydrogen per formula unit and semiconducting transparent ${\mathrm{Mg}}_{2}\math…
A novel method used to incorporate iron into the three-dimensional mesoporous cubic SBA-1 materials in highly acidic media is presented. The amount of iron present is controlled by simply adjusting the molar hydrochloric acid to silicon ratio. Moreover, the novel catalyst shows significantly higher phenol conversion a…
Robust, stimulus-responsive thin films are prepared by self-assembly of diblock-copolymer micelles from aqueous solution. Atomic force microscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy show that the hydrophobic polymer cores of block copolymer micelles adsorbed at high pH become localized cationic polymer brushes reversibly at…
We report the fabrication and characterization of a biologically sensitive field-effect transistor (Bio-FET) using a nanocrystalline diamond thin film. Biomolecular recognition capability was provided by linking human immunoglobulin G (IgG) to the diamond surface. Electrical measurements reveal behavior characteristic…
Ferromagnetism in Mn-doped GaAs, the prototypical dilute magnetic semiconductor (DMS), has so far been attributed to hole mediated RKKY-type interactions. First-principles calculations reveal a strong direction dependence of the ferromagnetic (FM) stabilization energy for Mn pairs, a dependence that cannot be explaine…
A magnetoelectric laminate composite consisting of magnetostrictive Terfenol-D (Tb1–xDyxFe2–y) and piezoelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 layers has an extremely high voltage gain effect of ≈300 at its resonant state, offering potential for high-voltage miniature transformer applications.
A super-hydrophobic surface (see Figure), possessing a microscale and nanoscale hierarchical structure similar to the surface structure of the lotus leaf, was prepared in one step from a micellar solution of polypropylene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate).
The synthesis of single-crystalline diamond nanorods (with diameters of 4–8 nm and with lengths up to 200 nm) via the hydrogen plasma post-treatment of multiwalled carbon nanotubes is described. The diamond nanorods (see Figure) are identified as having a core–sheath structure with the inner core being diamond crystal…
We propose a theoretical model for branching instabilities in 2-dimensional fracture, offering predictions for when crack branching occurs, how multiple cracks develop, and what is the geometry of multiple branches. The model is based on equations of motion for crack tips which depend only on the time dependent stress…
A rational representation for the self--energy is explored to interpolate the solution of the Anderson impurity model in general orbitally degenerate case. Several constrains such as the Friedel's sum rule, positions of the Hubbard bands as well as the value of quasiparticle residue are used to establish the equations…
We report all-optical switching due to state-filling in quantum dots (QDs) within a Mach-Zehnder Interferometric (MZI) switch. The MZI was fabricated using InGaAsP/InP waveguides containing a single layer of InAs/InP QDs. A 1530-1570 nm probe beam is switched by optical excitation of one MZI-arm from the top. By excit…
We use first principles density functional theory to calculate the electronic structure of the phenylthiolate (S-C$_6$H$_5$) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on Cu(111) and Au(111) substrates. We find significant lateral dispersion of the SAM molecular states and discuss its implications for transport properties of the…
Electric polarization or transferred charge due to an adiabatic change of external parameters $\vec{Q}$ is expressed in terms of a vector field defined in the $\vec{Q}$ space. This vector field is characterized by strings, i.e., trajectories of band-crossing points. In particular, the transverse component is given by…
It was proposed recently by Murakami et al. [Science \textbf{301}, 1348(2003)] that in a large class of $p$-doped semiconductors, an applied electric field can drive a quantum dissipationless spin current in the direction perpendicular to the electric field. In this paper we investigate the effects of spin imbalance o…
Molecular dynamic simulations are used to study the heating of a gold nanorod of 2624 atoms. We show that roughening of surface {110} facets leads to a shape transformation and structural rearrangement of surface and bulk atoms in the rod, in order to reach a more stable configuration. Our results show that the stabil…