Materials Literature
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The diffusion equations of spinodal decompositions with unique diffusivities for each species are derived for binary systems and ternary systems. These dynamic equations are linearized to show that the minimum size for growth is independent of diffusivity and is identical to the thermodynamic minimum on phase volume.…
Ten new aromatic polyamides containing s-triazine rings in the main chain were synthesized by the low temperature interfacial polycondensation technique involving the reactions of each of the two s-triazine containing diacylchlorides, viz., 2,4-bis (4-chlorocarbonylphenoxy)-6-methoxy-s-triazine and 2,4-bis(3-chlorocar…
Binary blends of linear low density polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), and ternary blends of PE, PP, and EP copolymer (EPR) were prepared in a finely mixed state. In all blends the ratio of PP to PE was 85/15. In some of the blends, the PE component was labeled with a fluorescent dye; in other blends, the EPR c…
The synthesis and physical properties are described for a thermally stable liquid crystalline (LC) thermoset based on all aromatic ester units. The persistence of the liquid crystalline phase throughout the curing process was monitored with polarizing optical microscopy. The applicability of these new liquid crystalli…
Monomers 1,3-bis(4-phenylethynylphenyl)tetramethyldisiloxane and 1,7-bis(4-phenylethynylphenyltetramethyldisiloxyl)-m-carborane were synthesized and compared with bis(4-phenylethynylphenyl)dimethylsilane as potential preceramic precursors. These monomers were heated to free flowing liquids above 100°C and thermally po…
A versatile approach for the functionalization of a bisphenolic monomer, 3,8-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-phenyl-1,2-naphthalimide (1) as well as its corresponding poly(N-phenyl imido aryl ether sulphone) via transimidization reactions with hydrazine monohydrate, aliphatic amines, and an amino acid (11-amino undecanoic acid…
The curing kinetics of a system containing 4,4′-diglycidyloxy-α-methylstilbene (DOMS) and different functionality amines, N-ethylaniline (NEA), aniline, benzenesulfonamide (BSA), and sulfanilamide (SAA), have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under isothermal conditions. The phase transformations…
Morphology and isothermal growth rates of spherulites for the binary blends consisting of an isotactic polypropylene (i-PP) and an ethylene-1-hexene rubber (EHR) were examined as a function of the crystallization temperature ranging from 388 K to 418 K. In this study, two types of EHR's were employed: “ethylene rich”…
Water sorption and transport properties for a series of homogeneous blends of hydrophobic polyethersulfone and hydrophilic polyethyloxazoline are reported. Only blends that remained homogeneous after exposure to liquid water were studied in detail. Equilibrium solubility of water in the blend films increases with incr…
Several aromatic dicyanate monomers have been synthesized bearing para-linked strong electron withdrawing groups, such as phenylphosphine oxide, sulfone, and carbonyl. These groups increased the reactivity of the cyanate functional groups and eliminated the need for curing catalysts. However, an undesirable decrease i…
Possibilities of detecting nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) signals in explosives and drugs are considered. Direct and indirect NQR techniques for searching substances are described and the potentialities of various experimental methods are compared.
The crystallization behavior of polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyethyleneterephtalate (PET), and polypropylene (PP) under nonisothermal conditions has been studied. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to monitor crystallization from the melt and a kinetic model has been proposed to descr…
Polycaprolactone-graft-maleic anhydride (PCL-g-MA) copolymer was prepared by grafting maleic anhydride onto PCL in a batch mixer and in an extruder using dicumyl peroxide as the initiator. The graft content was determined with the volumetric method by converting the anhydride functions to acid groups and then titratin…
Volume recovery measurements have been used to study the physical aging behavior of a polyetherimide. Isothermal aging temperatures near Tg were studied with aging times ranging up to several days. The volume decreases during physical aging and levels off at equilibrium. For comparison purposes, the data are normalize…
The standard parameters controlling AB diblock copolymer phase behavior are χN and fA, where χ is an A-B segment interaction parameter, N is the overall degree of polymerization, and fA is the volume fraction of the A block. Recently, it has been recognized that the ratio of the A and B statistical segment lengths αA/…
The x-ray crystal structure of the serine protease subtilisin Carlsberg in anhydrous dioxane has been determined to 2.6-A resolution. The enzyme structure is found to be nearly indistinguishable from the structures previously determined in water and acetonitrile. Small changes in the side-chain conformations between t…
The teeth of sea urchins comprise a variety of different structural entities, all of which are composed of magnesium-bearing calcite together with a small amount of organic material. The teeth are worn down continuously, but in such a way that they remain sharp and functional. Here we describe aspects of the structura…
Differential, integrated elastic and momentum transfer cross sections have been calculated for the scattering of electrons by and OCS molecules in the energy range 100 - 1000 eV and total cross sections over a wide incident energy range 100 - 4000 eV. A relatively simple approach, namely the independent atom model (IA…
An ab initio based tight-binding molecular-dynamics method is used to generate 60 amorphous carbon nitride structures, $a$-CN, with various stoichiometries and densities, providing the first atomic level insight into the chemical bonding properties of these materials. Focusing on high densities, we observe clear trend…
The magnetization of novel supramolecular grid structures consisting of four bis(bipyridyl)-pyrimidine ligands and four ${\mathrm{Co}}^{2+}$ ions was measured. We provide evidence for an antiferromagnetic coupling of the ${\mathrm{Co}}^{2+}$ spins. Investigations of microcrystals, powders, and solutions with the mean…