Materials Literature
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Two cyclometallated Ru(bpy)2(pp) units (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine; pp = 2-phenylpyridine) were grafted via ethynyl spacers onto the photochromic cores of the norbornadiene or dithienylethene families, to give the bimetallic ruthenium(II) complexes 1 and 2a, respectively. Two aspects of these compounds were studied: (i) ph…
A new X-ray crystallographic beamline is operational at the MAX II synchrotron in Lund. The beamline has been in regular use since August 1998 and is used both for macro- and small molecule diffraction as well as powder diffraction experiments. The radiation source is a 1.8 T multipole wiggler. The beam is focused ver…
We present a detailed characterization of energy transfer processes in ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$-doped and ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}{,\mathrm{P}\mathrm{r}}^{3+}$-codoped ZBLAN bulk glasses. For several ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ (0.25--8.75 mol%) and ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$ (0.25--1.55 mol%) concentrations, we investigate energy transfer…
This paper explores equivalent formulations of the polarization ordering first proposed by Foster and Wolfson. Motivated by the class of polarization indices proposed by Foster and Wolfson, we have developed a class of generalized Foster‐Wolfson indices. In addition, a new class of polarization indices satisfying a se…
We made direct force measurements by atomic force microscopy (AFM) at surfaces of polymer brushes comprised of low-polydispersity poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chains densely end-grafted on a silicon substrate by living radical polymerization. These brushes are characterized by an exceptionally high, nearly constan…
New materials for nonlinear optical (NLO) applications are still of great interest. The monoclinic BiB3O6 (BIBO) shows exceptionally large NLO coefficients. In this article we will present the linear optical properties in the wavelength range between 350 and 2400 nm, the phase matching conditions calculated for second…
Abstract The shape of a crystalline organic solid has a major impact on its downstream processing and on its end‐product quality, issues that are becoming increasingly important in the specialty and fine chemical, as well as the pharmaceutical and life science, industries. Though it is widely known that improved cryst…
In this article, we report the successful growth of Ba(Ti1−xZrx)O3 (x=0.05–0.2) single-crystal fibers by the laser-heated pedestal growth technique. A single-phase perovskite structure of the materials has been identified by the x-ray diffraction technique. The phase diagram for Ba(Ti1−xZrx)O3 single crystals is estab…
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) brushes with the same chain length but different graft densities were prepared on a silicon substrate by the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization technique. The graft density σ was changed in a wide range extending to an exceptionally high value (0.07 < σ (chains/nm 2…
The electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding efficiency (SE) is measured for conductive polyaniline and its mixtures containing conducting powders. The frequency ranges of the EMI SE is 10 MHz–1 GHz by using the ASTM D4935-89 technique. The EMI SE of hydrochloric acid doped polyaniline containing silver (Ag) powde…
The presence of space charge in the polymeric insulation of high-voltage cables is correlated with electric breakdown. There is a vast literature concerned with the experimental characterization of space charge and with phenomenological models of space charge formation and discharge. However, a direct link between mol…
This paper examines the prospects for quantifying disorder in simple molecular or colloidal systems. As a central element in this task, scalar measures for describing both translational and bond-orientational order are introduced. These measures are subsequently used to characterize the structures that result from a s…
The crystal and magnetic structures of ${\mathrm{CaFeO}}_{3}$ have been determined at 300 and 15 K using synchrotron x-ray and neutron powder-diffraction techniques. At 300 K, ${\mathrm{CaFeO}}_{3}$ adopts the ${\mathrm{GdFeO}}_{3}$ struture, space group Pbnm with unit-cell dimensions $a=5.32630(4),$ $b=5.35270(4),$ a…
Three series of polycrystalline spinel ferrite, Ni–Zn ferrite, Mg–Zn ferrite and Ni–Zn–Cu ferrite, were prepared by the usual ceramic sintering method. The complex permeability spectra of each were measured. The low-frequency permeability increases with zinc content. However, the natural resonance frequency shifted do…
In this study, we introduce a new diamondlike carbon (DLC) film providing a friction coefficient of 0.001 and wear rates of 10−9–10−10 mm3/N m in inert-gas environments (e.g., dry nitrogen and argon). The film was grown on steel and sapphire substrates in a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system that uses a…
We present a detailed analysis of grain-boundary structures in computer-generated Cu and Ni three-dimensional nanocrystalline samples. The study includes both totally random and textured microstructures with grain sizes in the range of 5--12 nm. A detailed direct visualization technique is used at the atomic scale for…
This paper reviews deposition, integration, and device fabrication of PbZr(x)Ti(1-x)O(3) (PZT) films for applications in micro-electromechanical systems. An ultrasonic micromotor is described as an example. A summary of the published data on piezoelectric properties is given. The figures of merit for various applicati…
Novel approaches for optimized powder processing of advanced ceramics are reviewed with an emphasis on direct‐casting methods and solid freeform fabrication techniques. The fundamental principles for green body formation are discussed; a distinction is made between physical and chemical gels based on the nature of the…
1. Introduction to the concepts used in the observation, measurement and interpretation of fracture surface topography 2. Observing, describing and measuring fracture surface topography: some basics using Ketton stone as an example 3. Tilting cracks 4. River line patterns 5. Mirror, mist and hackle: surface roughness,…
The kinetic model for change of phases developed by M. Avrami at the end of the thirties has been used to describe the temporal behavior of phase changes. Until today this model is studied and adapted to include broader hypotheses. However, the mathematical format presented by M. Avrami is difficult to be understood b…