Materials Literature
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This work concentrates on the diffusion barrier stability of very thin (10 or 20 nm) α- or β-Ta, TaN, Ta(O) and Ta(N,O) films in the Cu/barrier/Si system. Based on the classical theory of the thin film growth and know how of material transport in thin films, the various Ta-based films were classified according to thei…
The rates and pathways of decarboxylation of acetic acid derivatives, RCO 2 H, and their Na + salts, RCO 2 Na, which possess electron-withdrawing groups (R = CCl 3 −, CF 3 −, HOC(O)CH 2 −, NH 2 C(O)CH 2 −, CF 3 CH 2 −, NCCH 2 −, CH 3 C(O)−) were determined in H 2 O at 100−260 °C and a pressure of 275 bar. Simple conve…
Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were synthesized by the irradiation of a 20-ms CO 2 laser pulse (1-kW peak power) onto a graphite−Co/Ni composite target at 25−1200 °C. Characterization of carbonaceous deposits using Raman scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy showed that S…
The feasibility of low‐temperature synthesis of yttrium‐doped zirconia (Y‐ZrO 2 ) crystalline powders in aqueous solutions at lessthan equal to100°C has been evaluated, and the hydrothermal crystallization mechanism for Y‐ZrO 2 powders also has been investigated. Coprecipitated (Y,Zr) hydroxide gel, mechanical mixture…
It has previously been established that sequences at the C termini of polypeptide substrates are critical for efficient hydrolysis by the ClpP/ClpX ATP-dependent protease. We report for the bacteriophage lambda O replication protein, however, that N-terminal sequences play the most critical role in facilitating proteo…
We have studied the forces between a sphere and a plane surface of yttria‐partially‐stabilized tetragonal‐zirconia immersed in aqueous solutions of low‐molecular‐weight ( M w = 10 000) poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) using atomic force microscopy. The measurements are performed at high pH where the adsorbed, highly charged a…
A new series of dyes for nonlinear optical (NLO) and photorefractive (PR) applications investigated by optical and electrooptical absorption spectroscopy. Optimized PR and NLO chromophores are obtained based on the exceptionally strong heterocyclic thiazolidenemalononitrile acceptor unit, combined with the proper choi…
It is demonstrated that a porous polysilicon (PPS) diode with a structure of Au/PPS/n-type Si operates as an efficient stable surface-emitting cold cathode. 1.5 μm of an nondoped polysilicon layer is formed on an n-type (100) silicon wafer and anodized in a solution of HF (50%): ethanol=1:1 at a current density of 10…
AFM images of isothermally crystallized samples of syndiotactic polypropylene and poly(propene-co-octene) show that the lamellar crystallites are composed of blocks. Upon heating the granular structure vanishes. Observations support the view recently established by SAXS experiments that polymer crystallization is a tw…
This paper presents experimental data on the bonding of CO and NO to vacuum-cleaved MgO(100) and NiO(100) and compares them with theoretical results. In the case of CO and NO on NiO(100) we find that the bonding energies obtained for the vacuum-cleaved single crystals agree well with results of recent studies on thin…
Tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) films were deposited on soda-lime glass plates without substrate heating by dc magnetron sputtering. Crystallinity and electrical properties of the films were investigated by X-ray diffraction and Hall-effect measurements, which showed clear dependence on target–substrate distance ( T – S…
The title compound, Ni 3 (dpa) 4 Cl 2 (dpa = di(2-pyridyl)amido anion), first reported 30 years ago, structurally characterized in 1991, has been obtained in two new crystal forms, Ni 3 (dpa) 4 Cl 2 ·2CH 2 Cl 2 (tetragonal, space group I 4̄, with a = 27.3046(7) Å, c = 12.2452(2) Å, Z = 8) and Ni 3 (dpa) 4 Cl 2 ·THF (o…
We formulate and apply an efficient finite-difference time-domain algorithm to the analysis of axially symmetric diffractive optical elements. We discuss aspects relating to minimizing numerical dispersion in the incident field, application of absorbing boundary conditions in the radial direction, convergence to a ste…
Thin films of barium-strontium titanate (Ba,Sr)TiO3(BSTO) have been investigated for use as a capacitor dielectric for future generations of dynamic random-access memory (DRAM). This paper describes progress made in the preparation of BSTO films by liquid-source metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (LS-MOCVD) and t…
Abstract Cu 2 (SeO 3 ) 2 · H 2 O and Tl(III) 2 Cu 3 (SeO 3 ) 6 were obtained in the course of low-hydrothermal experiments on natrochalcite-type selenate representatives. The crystal structures were determined by direct methods from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data collected with a CCD area detector. Cu 2 (SeO 3…
The water-soluble organophosphorus compound, namely, hexahydroxymethylamidocyclotriphosphatriazatriene (HHMAPT) was synthesized by reacting phosphonitrile chloride with liquid ammonia followed by reaction with formaldehyde. It is rich in phosphorus and nitrogen and as a polyfunctional compound it can undergo several r…
The spinodal decomposition (SD) kinetics of the mixture of polystyrene (PS) and a low molar mass liquid crystal (LC) (E7) has been studied by means of time-resolved small angle light scattering (SALS) and polarized optical microscopy (POM). It is found that, in the isotropic spinodal region, the mixture first undergoe…
An experimental study has been conducted to investigate the effects of grain transport on the columnar to equiaxed transition (CET) in dendritic alloy solidification. Using the aqueous ammonium chloride solution as a transparent model alloy, experiments were performed in a vertical test cell with cooling from the top,…
Interest in mordenite as an inhalation hazard arose when it was discovered that the mineral exists in the subsurface of Yucca Mountain, NV, the site of a federally proposed nuclear waste repository. During preliminary geologic investigations at Yucca Mountain, workers performing air coring (dry-drilling) operations we…
In the fabrication of broad band optical waveguide modulators, a certain technology must be used to prepare 15–20-μm-thick Au electrodes on the SiO2 surface covering the waveguides. A thin transition metal film is commonly inserted between the Au and SiO2 to improve adhesive strength. The transition metal film used in…