Henrik Birkedal、D. Schwarzenbach、Philip Pattison2002-03-01Angewandte Chemie International Edition
A helix that expands on cooling: The crystal structure of TrpGly⋅H2O consists of helical peptide nanotubes extending throughout the crystal. The thermal expansion is negative in the helical direction (see graph; a axis: red, c axis: blue). This effect is believed to be linked to the increasing order of water molecules…
Solid-state spectroscopy and crystallographyInorganic Fluorides and Related CompoundsThermal Expansion and Ionic Conductivity
Sunny Skaria、Mario Smet、Holger Frey2002-03-01Macromolecular Rapid Communications
Hyperbranched aliphatic copolyesters have been prepared by copolymerization of ε-caprolactone with 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)butyric acid, catalyzed by immobilized Lipase B from Candida antarctica (Novozyme 435) under mild conditions. Via this novel combination of ring-opening AB polymerization and AB2 polycondensation, t…
biodegradable polymer synthesis and propertiesMicroplastics and Plastic PollutionDendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers
Laurent J. Michot、Frédéric Villièras2002-03-01Clay Minerals
Abstract High-resolution gas adsorption techniques were used to analyse the evolution of the aspect ratio and adsorption energy distribution on synthetic saponite samples with increasing layer charge. Using Ar as a gaseous probe, the aspect ratio of the saponite particles can be determined easily by decomposing the de…
Glass properties and applicationsClay minerals and soil interactionsIron oxide chemistry and applications
Takuya Hasegawa、Susumu Mochida、Ashwani K. Gupta2002-03-01Journal of Propulsion and Power
Results are presented on the thermal and chemical characteristics of flames using high-temperature combustion air and liquified petroleum gas (LPG) as the fuel. The stability limits of these flames are extremely wide as compared to any other method of flame stabilization. This study is part of the Japan national proje…
Advanced Combustion Engine TechnologiesCatalytic Processes in Materials ScienceCombustion and flame dynamics
Jan Rudloff、Markus Antonietti、Helmut Cölfen 等 6 位作者2002-03-01Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics
The synthesis of double-hydrophilic block copolymers with a poly(ethylene glycol) block (PEG) and a block with pendant monophosphate ester groups based on a hydroxylated polybutadiene block (poly[2-(2-hydroxy ethyl)ethylene] (PHEE) with variable degrees of phosphate substitution (up to 40%) is described. It is shown t…
biodegradable polymer synthesis and propertiesMicroplastics and Plastic PollutionCalcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition
Meng‐Sheng Liao、Steve Scheiner2002-03-01The Journal of Chemical Physics
The electronic structure and bonding in a series of unligated and ligated FeII porphyrins (FeP) are investigated by density functional theory (DFT). All the unligated four-coordinate iron porphyrins have a A2g3 ground state that arises from the (dxy)2(dz2)2(dπ)2 configuration. The calculations confirm experimental res…
Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine ChemistryMetal-Catalyzed Oxygenation MechanismsHemoglobin structure and function
Bérangère Toury、Philippe Miele、David Cornu 等 5 位作者2002-03-01Advanced Functional Materials
The thermolysis of 2,4,6-[(CH3)2N]3B3N3H3 (1), 2,4-[(CH3)2N]2-6-(CH3HN)B3N3H3 (2), and 2-[(CH3)2N]-4,6-(CH3HN)2B3-N3H3 (3) led to polyborazines 4, 5, and 6 respectively. The polymers display direct B–N bonds between borazinic B3N3 rings and, in addition, a proportion of –N(CH3)– bridges for 5 and 6, as clearly underli…
Boron and Carbon Nanomaterials ResearchOrganoboron and organosilicon chemistryBoron Compounds in Chemistry
Sunil Kumar Thamida、Hsueh‐Chia Chang2002-03-01Chaos An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science
A theoretical analysis of nanoscale pore formation during anodization reveals its fundamental instability mechanism to be a field focusing phenomenon when perturbations on the minima of the two oxide interfaces are in phase. Lateral leakage of the layer potential at high wave number introduces a layer tension effect t…
Photonic Crystals and ApplicationsNanowire Synthesis and ApplicationsAnodic Oxide Films and Nanostructures
Yves Bernard、Eduardo Mendes、Frédéric Bouillault2002-03-01IEEE Transactions on Magnetics
A method to model dynamic hysteresis is proposed. The proposed model is based on an inverse Preisach model with the magnetic flux density and its rate as inputs, and the magnetic field as the output. Assuming that the hysteretic behavior does not depend on the history of this rate, the inverse distribution function is…
Electric Motor Design and AnalysisMagnetic Properties and ApplicationsPiezoelectric Actuators and Control
Mikito Kitayama、Andreas M. Glaeser2002-03-01Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Controlled‐geometry cavities were introduced into the m{100} plane of undoped sapphire substrates using photolithographic methods, and subsequently internalized by diffusion bonding the etched sapphire to an undoped high‐purity polycrystalline alumina. Pore‐boundary separation during growth of the sapphire seed into t…
Advanced ceramic materials synthesisAluminum Alloy Microstructure PropertiesAnodic Oxide Films and Nanostructures
E. Turgut Talı、Nil Ercan、Gaida Krūmiņa 等 7 位作者2002-03-01Investigative Radiology
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: This cooperative multicenter human study was designed to evaluate the safety, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics, and clinical response to a single gadolinium contrast agent: gadopentetate dimeglumine. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety-five patients (age range: 1 month to 78 years; se…
Advanced MRI Techniques and ApplicationsLanthanide and Transition Metal ComplexesCerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus
Bing Wen、Rolfe G. Petschek、Charles Rosenblatt2002-03-01Applied Optics
The stylus of an atomic force microscope is used to scribe preferred directions for liquid-crystal alignment on a polyimide-coated substrate. The opposing substrate that comprises the liquid-crystal cell is rubbed unidirectionally, resulting in a twisted nematic structure associated with each micrometer-sized pixel. T…
Photonic and Optical DevicesLiquid Crystal Research AdvancementsPhotonic Crystals and Applications
Eric A. V. Carelli、Hiroki Fujita、James Y. Yang 等 4 位作者2002-03-01Journal of the American Ceramic Society
The present article focuses on changes in the mechanical properties of an all‐oxide fiber‐reinforced composite following long‐term exposure (1000 h) at temperatures of 1000–1200°C in air. The composite of interest derives its damage tolerance from a highly porous matrix, precluding the need for an interphase at the fi…
Advanced ceramic materials synthesisMechanical Behavior of CompositesAluminum Alloys Composites Properties
M.M.A. Salama、R. Bartnikas2002-03-01IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
A time-series approach has been employed to devise neural-network topologies for time dependent partial discharge pulse pattern recognition applications. The cascaded output neural-network structure was found to provide the highest success rate in differentiating between two different partial discharge patterns. This…
High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomenaPower Transformer Diagnostics and InsulationSensor Technology and Measurement Systems
Matthias Seiler2002-03-01Chemical Engineering & Technology
Dendritic polymers, i.e., dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers, attract increasing attention due to their unique structures and properties. The step-wise methodologies for the synthesis of dendrimers allow the tailoring of physical and chemical properties and thus provide a powerful tool to design dendrimers for a wi…
Polymer crystallization and propertiesDendrimers and Hyperbranched PolymersSynthesis and properties of polymers
Driss Boudlich、L. Bih、Moulay El Hassane Archidi 等 7 位作者2002-03-01Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Ternary phosphates are found to vitrify within large domains of compositions inside the phase diagrams P 2 O 5 –WO 3 –A 2 O (A = Li, Na). Structural approach of the highly modified glasses P 2 O 5 –A 2 MoO 4 –A 2 O (M = Mo,W) was investigated using various spectroscopic techniques such as infrared, Raman, and electron…
Luminescence Properties of Advanced MaterialsGlass properties and applicationsPhase-change materials and chalcogenides
Kee‐Sun Sohn、Soo Yeon Seo、Yong Nam Kwon 等 4 位作者2002-03-01Journal of the American Ceramic Society
The present investigation aims at visualizing the crack tip stress field using a mechanoluminescence material. The well‐known compound SrAl 2 O 4 :Eu 2+ was adopted as a mechanoluminescence material. Two more trivalent rare‐earth elements such as Dy and Nd were taken into consideration as codopants to provide the appr…
Luminescence Properties of Advanced MaterialsGlass properties and applicationsLuminescence and Fluorescent Materials
Mark Paetzel、Ross Dalbey、N.C.J. Strynadka2002-03-01Journal of Biological Chemistry
We report here the x-ray crystal structure of a soluble catalytically active fragment of the Escherichia coli type I signal peptidase (SPase-(Delta2-75)) in the absence of inhibitor or substrate (apoenzyme). The structure was solved by molecular replacement and refined to 2.4 A resolution in a different space group (P…
Protein Structure and DynamicsEnzyme Structure and FunctionBiochemical and Molecular Research
J. D. Jeyaprakash、S. Samuel、R. Dhamodharan 等 4 位作者2002-03-01Macromolecular Rapid Communications
The role of activator and deactivator species in the surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization of styrene using CuBr/CuBr2/pentamethyldiethylenetriamine as a model system is described. The influence of initially added deactivator with respect to the degree of controlling the layer growth and thickness is…
Advanced Polymer Synthesis and CharacterizationPolymer Surface Interaction StudiesForce Microscopy Techniques and Applications
C. J. Powell、A. Jabłoński2002-03-01Surface and Interface Analysis
Abstract The electron effective attenuation length (EAL) can be defined for the measurement of overlayer film thicknesses (the most common application) and for the measurement of the depth of a thin marker layer by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). For each of these applicat…
X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence AnalysisElectron and X-Ray Spectroscopy TechniquesSurface and Thin Film Phenomena