Materials Literature
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Since carbon nanotubes (CNTs) display unique structures and remarkable physical properties, a variety of applications have emerged in both materials and life sciences. In terms of applications, the functionalisation of nanotubes is extremely important, as it increases their solubility and processability, and combines…
Two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets obtained via exfoliation of layered compounds have attracted intense research in recent years. In particular, the development of exotic 2D systems such as stable graphene and transition-metal oxide nanosheets has sparked new discoveries in condensed matter physics and nanoelectronics. H…
Bacterial cellulose, an exopolysaccharide produced by some bacteria, has unique structural and mechanical properties and is highly pure as compared to plant cellulose. This article presents a critical review of the available information on the bacterial cellulose with special emphasis on its fermentative production an…
Rapid developments in advanced photonic devices have led to the increasing exploration of high refractive index (high-n) materials, particularly high-refractive-index polymers (HRIP). High refractive indices have been achieved either by introducing substituents with high molar refractions to make intrinsic HRIPs or by…
Graphene sheets were stably dispersed in water by functionalization with sulfonated polyaniline (SPANI), and the composite film of SPANI-functionalized graphene showed improved electrochemical stability and enhanced electrocatalytic activity.
Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) are individual molecules that can function as nanoscale magnetic particles. The [Mn12O12(O2CR)16(H2O)4] (Mn12; R=Me, Et, etc.) family of SMMs was the first one discovered; it is also the one whose study has provided the majority of current knowledge on this interesting magnetic phenomeno…
A facile method to obtain polydisperse chemically-converted graphene sheets that are covalently functionalized with ionic liquid was reported -- the resulting graphene sheets, without any assistance from polymeric or surfactant stabilizers, can be stably dispersed in water, DMF, and DMSO.
Conducting polymers (CPs) have been extensively studied and widely applied in various organic devices. To improve the performances or extend the functions of the devices, CPs usually have to be nanostructured. Electrosynthesis provides an effective and convenient one-step approach to CP nanomaterials. The resulting ma…
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have received great attention due to their applications as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This feature article briefly introduces the concepts of MRI and MRI contrast agents, and then mainly discusses the synthesis, surface modification, surface functio…
The superhydrophobic and self-cleaning leaves of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Gaertn.) have been used as a model for the development of artificial biomimetic surfaces. The hierarchical structure of the Lotus leaf has been recreated to characterize the influence of hierarchical roughness on superhydrophobicity and adhesion…
Starch is a natural polymer which possesses many unique properties and some shortcoming simultaneously. Some synthetic polymers are biodegradable and can be tailor-made easily. Therefore, by combining the individual advantages of starch and synthetic polymers, starch-based completely biodegradable polymers (SCBP) are…
Polydisperse, functionalized, chemically converted graphene (f-CCG) nanosheets, which can be homogeneously distributed into water, ethanol, DMF, DMSO and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS), were obtained via facile covalent functionalization with APTS. The resulting f-CCG nanosheets were characterized by FTIR, XPS, T…
This study examined the origin of visible luminescence from ZnO layers deposited on p-Si substrates by various growth methods using temperature dependent photoluminescence measurements. The deep level emissions of ZnO layers are found to be strongly dependent on the growth conditions and growth methods used. For the s…
Graphene is a fascinating new nanocarbon possessing, single-, bi- or few- (≤ ten) layers of carbon atoms forming six-membered rings. Different types of graphene have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy and Raman spectroscopy.…
The photoluminescence in carbon dots (surface-passivated small carbon nanoparticles) could be quenched efficiently by electron acceptor or donor molecules in solution, namely that photoexcited carbon dots are both excellent electron donors and excellent electron acceptors, thus offering new opportunities for their pot…
We report a practical and efficient strategy for synthesizing hierarchical (meso- and macro-)porous NiO nano/micro spherical superstructures. First, β-Ni(OH)2 microspheres were self-assembled based on the coalescence and Ostwald-ripening mechanisms during refluxing in an alkaline solution with Ni(NH3)x2+ at 97 °C for…
The layered oxides of vanadium and molybdenum have been studied for close to 40 years as possible cathode materials for lithium batteries or electrochromic systems. The highly distorted metal octahedra naturally lead to the formation of a wide range of layer structures, which can intercalate lithium levels exceeding 3…
The use of lanthanide ions to convert photons to different, more useful, wavelengths is well-known from a wide range of applications (e.g. fluorescent tubes, lasers, white light LEDs). Recently, a new potential application has emerged: the use of lanthanide ions for spectral conversion in solar cells. The main energy…
The detection of chemical explosives is crucial for military and civilian safety. A confluence of chemistry and engineering continues to improve the sensitivity for several classes of explosives, and holds the promise of cheap and portable sensing. Optical and fluorescence-based sensors have been extensively researche…
This critical review is concerned with the recent advances in graft polymerisation techniques involving cellulose and its derivatives. It summarises some of the features of cellulose structure and cellulose reactivity. Also described are the various techniques for grafting synthetic polymers from the cellulosic substr…