Materials Literature
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Effective growth of multiwalled boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) has been obtained by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD). This is achieved by a growth vapor trapping approach as guided by the theory of nucleation. Our results enable the growth of BNNTs in a conventional horizontal tube furnace within an hour at 12…
A new quaternary fluoroarsenide CaFeAsF with the tetragonal ZrCuSiAs-type structure composed of alternate stacking of (FeAs)delta- and (CaF)delta+ layers was synthesized. CaFeAsF is a poor metal and shows the anomaly at approximately 120 K in temperature dependence of electrical conductivity. The electron doping by th…
Redox polymer layers with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-4-yl (TEMPO) groups showed nernstian adsorbate-like electrochemical behaviors up to submicrometer thicknesses, based on a fast charge propagation within the bulk layer and persistency in electrolyte solutions.
The symmetry conditions for the occurrence in a same phase of one or more of the four primary ferroic properties, i.e., ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, ferrotoroidicity and ferroelasticity, are discussed. Analogous conditions are outlined for the admission of so-called secondary and tertiary ferroic effects, such as…
In this paper, we review the recent research on the functionalization of multiferroics for spintronics applications. We focus more particularly on antiferromagnetic and ferroelectric BiFeO 3 and its integration in several types of architectures. For instance, when used as a tunnel barrier, BiFeO 3 allows the observati…
In this contribution to the special issue on multiferroics we focus on multiferroicity driven by different forms of charge ordering. We will present the generic mechanisms by which charge ordering can induce ferroelectricity in magnetic systems. There is a number of specific classes of materials for which this is rele…
Multiferroic materials, or materials that simultaneously possess two or more ferroic order parameters, have returned to the forefront of materials research. Driven by the desire to achieve new functionalities—such as electrical control of ferromagnetism at room temperature—researchers have undertaken a concerted effor…
The concept of toroidal moments in condensed-matter physics and their long-range ordering in a so-called ferrotoroidic state is reviewed.We show that ferrotoroidicity as a form of primary ferroic order can be understood both from microscopic (multipole expansion) and macroscopic (symmetry-based expansion of the free e…
We report on two approaches to strongly shorten life time testing of fused silica's absoption degradation upon 193 nm laser irradiation. Both approaches are based on enhancing the two photon absorption (TPA) induced generation of E' and NBOH defects centers in fused silica compared to common marathon test irradiation…
In June 2007, the United States Department of Energy incorporated revised values of neutron weighting factors into its occupational radiation protection Regulation 10 CFR Part 835 as part of updating its radiation dosimetry system. This has led to a reassessment of neutron radiation fields at high energy proton accele…
In 2007, the pulsed laser induced damage threshold (LIDT) of anti-reflecting (AR) microstructures built in fused silica and glass was shown to be up to three times greater than the LIDT of single-layer thin-film AR coatings, and at least five times greater than multiple-layer thin-film AR coatings. This result suggest…
The interactive behavior of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) with a bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and a Ru-modified GCE was investigated. The reduction of FAD at a GCE/ruthenium-modified GCE surface is a quasi-reversible, surface-controlled process, and our data implied that the attachment of FAD onto the surfac…
The solubilities of bis(benzoxazolyl-2-methyl) sulfide in ethanol, 1-butanol, 2-propanol, chlorobenzene, toluene, o -xylene, and ethanol + water were measured by a synthetic method. The laser monitoring observation technique was used to determine the disappearance of the solid phase in the solid + liquid mixture. All…
Eu‐activated BaAl 2 S 4 (BaAl 2 S 4 :Eu) blue light emission phosphor has attracted considerable attention recently as a prospective material for full color electroluminescent display applications. Although BaAl 2 S 4 :Eu was discovered over 30 years ago, the solid‐state reaction between metal sulfides in sealed quart…
Using the phase-field method, effects of the surface-tension anisotropy on sidebranching are investigated during solutal dendritic growth. The results show that without external perturbations the surface tension anisotropy has decisive effects on sidebranching and the nonmonotonic behavior of the solute profile along…
Monomolecular water in a solid polymer, which has no effective hydrogen bonding sites, was revealed by temperature-variable Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to be condensable and crystallizable. Ice Ih formed in the polymer matrix was grown by vapor deposition and was reduced by sublimation. Moreover, rapid coo…
A systematic study was undertaken to improve the laser-damage resistance of multilayer high-reflector coatings for use at 351 nm on the OMEGA EP Laser System. A series of hafnium dioxide monolayer films deposited by electron-beam evaporation with varying deposition rates and oxygen backfill pressures were studied usin…
There exist many investigations of ionic transport in a variety of glasses. These studies exhibit strong correlation between ionic conductivity and activation energy: Typically, it is found that higher conductivity is associated with lower activation energies and vice versa. Although there are explanations for this at…
Reaction pathways, solvent effects and reaction parameters have been investigated for the water exchange on Keggin-Al13 in the aqueous solution by performing supermolecule density functional theory calculations. The calculated results suggest a dissociative (D) mechanism for water exchange on Keggin-Al13 in the aqueou…
Ferroelectric PbHPO 4 nanowires have been successfully prepared from a Pb(II)−IP 6 (IP 6, inositol hexakisphosphate acid) complex, a novel single-source precursor, by a hydrothermal method at 180 °C for 24 h. The structure and morphology of the as-prepared PbHPO 4 nanowires and the Pb(II)−IP 6 complex were systematica…