Materials Literature
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Carbon nitride thin films prepared by radio frequency reactive sputtering of graphite in pure nitrogen plasma have been characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for probing the chemical bonding in the films. The multiple binding energy values obtained for the C 1s and N 1s photoelectrons in the film sug…
The machining and subsequent annealing behavior of an Al 2 O 3 ‐SiC nanocomposite (A1 2 O 3 + 5 vol% 0.2 μm SiC particles) was compared to that of single‐phase A1 2 O 3 . The machining‐induced residual line force was determined by measuring the extent of elastic bending in thin disk specimens, and the surface roughnes…
The microstructures and age hardening behaviours of a series of Mg–Al–rare earth (RE) alloys that had been either pressure die cast or permanent mould cast were investigated by SEM and analytical TEM. Two types of phases, Al4MM and Al12Mg17, were found in the as cast alloys and no pseudoternary Mg–Al–RE phases were pr…
We have observed multiple electronic states in the presence of a magnetic field in the half-doped ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{0.5}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ system. The resistivity of each state differs from one another by at least one order of magnitude. Application of a magnetic field in…
By chemical liquid deposition in which an alkoxide with a carbon number of 4 or smaller was used as raw material, a Sr 0.7 Bi 2.3 Ta 2 O 9+α (SBTO) thin film was fabricated for use as a ferroelectric memory device for the purpose of decreasing the temperature of crystallization and improving surface morphology. The cr…
Abstract Individual but connected synthetic routes for the preparation of the all‐E ‐configured 2,5‐dipropoxy‐substituted oligo(1,4‐phenyleneethenylene)s 1a–g were developed. An increasing number of conjugated stilbene units from n = 1 to n = 11 led to a convergent bathochromic shift (Δλ = λ ∞ − λ 1 = 127 nm) in the U…
We report on the application, for the first time to our knowledge, of spectroscopic generalized ellipsometry to liquid crystal materials. We have measured the three normalized elements of the Jones transmission matrix t at various sample temperatures within the spectral range from 340 to 1700 nm (0.73 to 3.65 eV) on t…
In order to identify the origin of dielectric relaxation of Pt/Ba 1- x Sr x TiO 3 /Pt thin-film capacitors, effects of post-annealing in oxygen ambient on their electrical properties were investigated. From comparison of the electrical properties of as-deposited and post-annealed capacitors, it is concluded that elect…
Grazing-incidence specular and diffuse X-ray scattering has been performed on polished surfaces of the glass ceramic Zerodur (registered trademark of Schott Glaswerke, Mainz). Analysis using a distorted-wave Born approximation showed that satisfactory fits to the data could be obtained only if grading was included at…
The energies and dispersions of the image states and quantum well electronic states in layers of Xe and Kr on a Ag(111) substrate were determined by angle-resolved two-photon photoemission (ARTPPE). For Xe, we measured binding energies of unoccupied electronic states for 1–9 layers and their parallel dispersion out to…
The hydrogen storage properties of a novel Mg 2 Ni alloy powder prepared with a mechanical grinding method were investigated. This alloy powder was transformed to an amorphous‐like state by this treatment. As a result, an electrode of this alloy shows a large discharge capacity (750 mAh/g) which is 2.5 times higher th…
A new model is presented for the gas dynamics within a bubble at conditions that lead to the phenomenon of sonoluminescence. The spherically symmetric Navier–Stokes equations with variable properties are solved together with momentum and energy equations in the liquid. Calculations are presented for bubbles of argon,…
An effective electronic Hamiltonian for transition-metal oxide compounds is presented. For Mn oxides, the Hamiltonian contains spin-2 "spins" and spin-$\frac{3}{2}$ "holes" as degrees of freedom. The model is constructed from the Kondo-lattice Hamiltonian for mobile ${e}_{g}$ electrons and localized ${t}_{2g}$ spins,…
Polarization charges, which are assumed to be located on crystal surfaces and contribute to ultra low frequency dielectric relaxation, were investigated through thermally stimulated current (TSC) studies of perovskite titanates in both single crystal and polycrystalline forms. When the anodic sides of the poled single…
For several years, the polyurethanes industry has critically examined its products in order to meet all present, and possible future, US environmental regulations. Formulations have had to be adapted to new types of blowing agents in order to compare favourably with the thermal and fire performances previously achieve…
A detailed electrical investigation of oxidized porous silicon (OPS) has been undertaken, using metal oxide semiconductor capacitors. We demonstrate that the dielectric can provide good electrical isolation under moderate electric fields, exhibiting low leakage current, high resistivity, reasonably low interface state…
Abstract Crystals of the orthorhombic phase of strontium germanate showing superstructure have been obtained. Crystal data are: a = 5.8520(4) Å, b = 14.2991(8) Å, c = 9.9165(6) Å, space group Pbn 2 1 and Z = 8 × Sr 2 GeO 4 . The structure has been determined based on a set of 3567 diffraction intensities measured with…
Abstract Scintillation in cerium‐doped gadolinium‐based crystals results from the energy transfer of excited host matrix Gd 3+ ions ( 6 I 7/2,11/2 ; 6 P 7/2,5/2) to the Ce 3+ ions {5d 1 ( 2 T 2 )} which radiatively relax to the ground state.
Abstract A novel biodegradable polyester having pendant amine functional groups was snythesized from N ‐(benzyloxycarbonyl)‐ L ‐aspartic anhydride ( 2 ) and 1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol ( 3 ) by polycondensation reaction using p‐toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst. The synthesized polymer 4 shows the characteristic ester…
Abstract Weathering performance of rigid PVC pigmented with iron oxide or some complex inorganic pigments (CIP) containing iron can be poor. Consideration of iron‐containing CIP's for use in exterior PVC leads to the common question: “How much ‘free iron’ is present in the pigment?” It has been unclear what “free iron…