Materials Literature
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A core−shell hybrid nanostructure, possessing a hard backbone of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) and a soft shell of brushlike polystyrene (PS), was successfully prepared by in situ atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), using Cu(I)Br/ N, N,N ‘,N ‘ ‘,N ‘ ‘ -pentmethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) as the catalys…
Ab initio calculations show that the band gap of boron nitride (BN) nanotubes can be greatly reduced by a transverse electric field. This gap reduction arises from a mixing of states within the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital complexes and leads to a spatial separation of ele…
In this study, hyaluronic acid (HA) was electro-spun and electro-blown to prepare nonwoven nanofibrous membranes. Critical parameters for processing and corresponding effects on the membrane morphology were investigated using the methods of rheology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). During electro-spinning, the…
A poly(3-hexylthiophene) containing an interacting amino chain end enhances the performance of P3HT/CdSe solar cells by increasing the dispersion of CdSe nanocrystals and improving the morphology of the nanocomposite without introducing insulating surfactants.
A layered p-type thermoelectric module of AgSbTe/sub 2/-(Bi,Sb)/sub 2/Te/sub 3/ was fabricated by a Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) process and its' performances was evaluated with both calculation and measurement. Each powder of AgSbTe/sub 2/ and (Bi,Sb)/sub 2/Te/sub 3/ was consolidated by the SPS process. Various tempe…
We examined the magnetic field effects on thermoelectric properties, aiming to enhance the thermoelectric power generation. Here, we propose the "Nernst-Seebeck" element, which uses the hybrid electric field of the Seebeck effect and the Nernst effect in the magnetic field. The thermoelectric properties of the polycry…
In order to achieve high thermoelectric conversion efficiency, it is necessary to make use of materials with a maximal figure of merit Z = S/sup 2//spl times//spl sigma//k (S is the Seebeck coefficient, /spl sigma/ and k are the electrical and thermal conductivity, respectively) over a wide temperature range. A/sup IV…
One of the most promising applications of thermoelectricity is the recovery of waste heat for the production of electrical energy. Nowadays, several thermoelectric companies manufacture commercial thermoelectric modules (TEMs) based on Bi/sub 2/Te/sub 3/ compounds specially designed to perform as Seebeck modules.. Thi…
Semiconductor clathrate compounds are energetically being studied as a new class of thermoelectric material based on the concept of Phonon Glass and Electron Crystal, since the materials combine glasslike low thermal conductivity and relatively good carrier mobility. These fascinating properties of clathrate compounds…
Thermoelectric coolers in use today have a coefficient of performance (COP) of only about 0.5. This compares to COPS of larger scale machines, such as air conditioners and refrigerators at levels of 3.0 to 5.0. For electronic component cooling there is a new thermoelectric technology emerging for improved efficiency.…
Life tests of a skutterudites unicouple (MAR-03) comprised of CeFe/sub 3.5/Co/sub 0.5/Sb/sub 12/ P-leg and CoSb/sub 3/ N-leg are performed. The tests, which are performed in argon at 0.051-0.068 MPa to suppress the antimony (Sb) sublimation from the N- and P-legs near the hot shoe, lasted for 450 hours, of which 261 h…
We report on the superconductivity of lanthanum-doped SrTiO3 thin films grown by off-axis laser ablation on LaAlO3, SrTiO3, and NdGaO3 substrates in oxygen partial pressures ranging from 10−8 T to 21 mTorr. The La/Sr doping ratio of the ablation target was 1%. The resulting films have carrier densities measured in the…
Based on the classical kinetic concept of solid fracture and a strain concentration concept, a model is proposed for predicting time-dependent fracture of carbon nanotubes. The time-dependent fracture behavior of a zigzag type single-walled carbon nanotube with a range of preexisting cracks under tension is studied by…
Time-resolved multiphoton-excited fluorescence microscopy is used to study electric-field-induced reorientation dynamics in single liquid crystal (LC) droplets within polymer-dispersed liquid crystal films. Films comprised of nematic LC dispersed in a poly(isobutyl methacrylate) matrix are characterized. An electric f…
The influence of the geometrical configuration of three single-core cable lines on the generated magnetic field is evaluated in the preliminary analysis. Numerical and experimental procedures are applied to estimate the performances of open or closed shields made of conductive or magnetic materials. A new high-voltage…
Potassium-doped superactivated carbon can adsorb 1.6 wt % of hydrogen at room temperature under 5 MPa. This value was greater than that of potassium-doped graphite (hydrogen adsorption capacity: 1.0 wt %). Kinetics of the hydrogen adsorption of the potassium-doped superactivated carbon was remarkably improved. The hyd…
The effect of pH on the gelation time of hexylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes was determined with the sol−gel polymerization of 1,6-bis(trimethoxysilyl)hexane (1) in methanol. Gel times formed a crude bell curve plotted against pH with the longest gel times of 660 h near pH 5. This represents the first systematic stud…
The surface tension of superheated and undercooled liquid Ni–5 wt % Si alloy was measured by an electromagnetic oscillating drop method over a wide temperature range from 1417 to 1994 K. The maximum undercooling of 206 K (0.13 TL) was achieved. The surface tension of liquid Ni–5 wt % Si alloy is 1.697 N m−1 at the liq…
In many transition-metal compounds, in particular those containing ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}$ and ${\mathrm{Co}}^{3+},$ there occur spin-state transitions between low-spin and high-spin (or intermediate-spin) states. We show that typical interactions between similar spin-state ions are short-range repulsion and long-range i…
The quasicrystal approximant Eu(4)Cd(25), formerly designated EuCd(6), was synthesized and characterized by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Superstructure reflections corresponding to an F-centered cubic unit cell with a doubled cell-parameter relative to the I-centered cubic sub-cell could be observed in t…