Generation of Ultrahydrophobic Properties of Aluminium – A first Step to Self-cleaning Transparently Coated Metal Surfaces
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Materials Literature
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Quantum computation using the 13C nuclear spins near the single NV defect center in diamond
We discuss the possibility of realizing quantum computation on the basis of a cluster of single interacting nuclear spins in solids. This idea seems to be feasible because of the combination of two techniques—Single Molecule Spectroscopy and Optically Detected Electron Nuclear Double Resonance. Compared to the well-kn…
Physical and Chemical Properties of Edible Films Containing Nisin and Their Action Against Listeria Monocytogenes
ABSTRACT: The effects of hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of edible films against Listeria monocytogenes strain V7 by various nisin concentrations (4.0 ‐ 160 IU/film disk) and pH values ranging from 2.0 to 8.0 were determined and the mechanical properties and water vapor permeability of films prepared with or without nis…
Crystal Growth and Electrical Properties of Lead-Free Piezoelectric Material (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3–BaTiO3
Single crystals of lead-free piezoelectric material x (Na 1/2 Bi 1/2 )TiO 3 – y BaTiO 3 (NBBT 100 x /100 y ) have been successfully grown by the flux method and the Bridgman method. Using the flux method, crystals having an edge length of 2–8 mm were obtained using Bi 2 O 3 flux with cooling from 1350°C to 800°C at a…
A New Type of Thermoalkalophilic Hydrolase of Paucimonas lemoignei with High Specificity for Amorphous Polyesters of Short Chain-length Hydroxyalkanoic Acids
A novel type of hydrolase was purified from culture fluid of Paucimonas (formerly Pseudomonas) lemoignei. Biochemical characterization revealed an unusual substrate specificity of the purified enzyme for amorphous poly((R)-3-hydroxyalkanoates) (PHA) such as native granules of natural poly((R)-3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)…
Cation Distribution and Structural Instability in Bi4-xLaxTi3O12
Raman spectra of Bi 4- x La x Ti 3 O 12 have been investigated. For an increasing degree of La doping, we find a substantial hardening of the vibration involving Bi atoms at the perovskite A site, whereas the Bi mode at the Bi 2 O 2 layer is negligibly changed. From a comparison with a simple mass consideration, we id…
Energy-Transfer Mechanisms and Emission Quantum Yields In Eu3+-Based Siloxane-Poly(oxyethylene) Nanohybrids
We report the energy-transfer mechanisms and emission quantum yield measurements of sol−gel-derived Eu 3+ -based nanohybrids. The matrix of these materials, classified as diureasils and termed U(2000) and U(600), includes urea cross-links between a siliceous backbone and polyether-based segments of two molecular weigh…
Sol-Gel Template Synthesis of an Array of Single Crystal CdS Nanowires on a Porous Alumina Template
An array of single crystal CdS nanowires has been fabricated in the pores of an alumina membrane by sol–gel synthesis. The CdS crystals have a hexagonal structure, which is verified by electron diffraction. As CdS is an important semiconducting material this synthesis may prove very useful for the fabrication of nanos…
Electrical Conductivity and Lattice Defects in Nanocrystalline Cerium Oxide Thin Films
The results of the electrical conductivity and Raman scattering measurements of CeO 2 thin films obtained by a polymeric precursor spin‐coating technique are presented. The electrical conductivity has been studied as a function of temperature and oxygen activity and correlated with the grain size. When compared with m…
Effect of film density on electrical properties of indium tin oxide films deposited by dc magnetron reactive sputtering
Tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) films were fabricated using dc magnetron reactive sputter deposition of an In 10 wt. % Sn alloy target in an Ar and O2 gas mixture. To understand the relationship between the electrical properties of ITO films and O2 partial pressure, the resistivity, carrier concentration and mobility, fi…
Morphotropic Phase Boundary and Electrical Properties of Bisumuth Sodium Titanate–Potassium Niobate Solid-Solution Ceramics
A morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) between (Bi 1/2 Na 1/2 )TiO 3 (rhombohedral system) and KNbO 3 (orthorhombic system) was determined by using X-ray diffraction and dielectric measurements. A solid solution, (1- x )(Bi 1/2 Na 1/2 )TiO 3 – x KNbO 3 [BNTK-100 x ], shows a rhombohedral symmetry and orthorhombic symmetr…
Warm-Cool Feeling Relative to Tribological Properties of Fabrics
When the human hand touches a garment that is at a different temperature than the skin, heat exchange occurs between the hand and the fabric, and the warm-cool feeling is the very first sensation. This transient transfer of energy depends on the contact interface between the skin and the fabric, and the contact interf…
An XPS study of copper corrosion originated by formic acid vapour at 40% and 80% relative humidity
Copper corrosion products originated by the action of formic acid vapours at 40% and 80% relative humidity for a period of 21 days were analysed. Three formic vapour concentration levels (10, 100 and 300 ppm) were generated in laboratory tests at 30°C. The corrosion product layers were characterised using X-ray photoe…
Metamictization and chemical durability of detrital zircon
We have investigated the effect that metamictization has on the weathering of zircon in detrital continental sediments and tropical soils of the Amazon basin, Brazil. The degree of radiation damage in the near-surface region of the zircon grains was determined by Raman microprobe. In each of the four series investigat…
Field-theoretic polymer simulations
A method is presented for numerically sampling functional integrals in field theory models of polymer solutions and melts. The approach effectively relaxes the mean-field approximation in self-consistent field theories of equilibrium polymer phases. Viewed from another perspective, the method provides an alternative t…
Phase relations of CaCO 3 at high pressure and high temperature
Phase transitions in calcite, a naturally occurring crystalline form of CaCO 3 , have been investigated by three different experimental techniques: (1) in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) using synchrotron radiation to 6 GPa and 1750 °C in a cubic anvil press; (2) Raman scattering to 10 GPa at room temperature using a dia…
Pressure-driven neutral-ionic transition in ClMePD-DMeDCNQI
Application of about 0.8 GPa pressure is sufficient to induce the neutral-ionic transition in the mixed stack charge-transfer crystal 2-chloro-5-methyl-p-phenylenediamine--2,5-dimethyl-dicyanoquinonediimine (ClMePD-DMeDCNQI). The ionicity increases continuously from $\ensuremath{\sim}0.35$ at ambient conditions to $\e…
Focused ion beam milling: A method of site-specific sample extraction for microanalysis of Earth and planetary materials
Argon ion milling is the conventional means by which mineral sections are thinned to electron transparency for transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis, but this technique exhibits significant shortcomings. In particular, selective thinning and imaging of submicrometer inclusions during sample milling are highl…
Influence of Moisture Absorption on Mechanical Properties of Wood Flour-Polypropylene Composites
Wood-plastic composites are being examined for a greater number of structural-type applications that may be exposed to different environments, some of them adverse. This paper discusses the influence of moisture absorption on the mechanical properties of wood flour-polypropylene composites. Composites filled with 20%…
Synthesis of Mesoporous Thin TiO2 Films with Hexagonal Pore Structures Using Triblock Copolymer Templates
TiO2 thin films with a hexagonal mesoporous structure and an anatase-type crystalline framework are easily synthesized by a sol–gel method at low pH, using an EO–PO–EO block copolymer as template. While the TiO2/polymer superstructure originally has a primitive cubic structure, annealing at 150 °C affords a phase tran…