Materials Literature
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The benefits of mechanized welding for pipeline construction are well known, as reflected by the high industrial acceptance and usage of its variations. However, the engineering and qualification costs associated with the preparation of alternative acceptance criteria for typical pulsed and short-circuit MIG (GMAW-P a…
Steel pipelines used for transporting oil and gas can develop various damages such as mechanical damages, corrosion, wrinkle, and crack. One of the mechanical damages is a dent with or without other defects such as corrosion, gouge, and crack. The dent without other defect is often referred to as plain dent. Depending…
A rupture and an explosion occurred on a 12.75 inch OD high pressure gas pipeline after 40 years in service. The force of the explosion broke the riser off and sent two large pieces of the riser flying into the surrounding forest. The failure occurred as a result of the simultaneous action of several contributing fact…
Alliance Pipeline operates an integrated Canadian and U.S. high-pressure, rich natural gas transmission pipeline system. Rich natural gas pipelines are unique in that the product transported in these pipelines contains greater amounts of higher molecular weight hydrocarbons than would be transported in a dry natural g…
A procedure for the reduction (integration) of a two-dimensional powder diffraction pattern registered with an area detector after rotation about two orthogonal diffractometer axes is described. The procedure involves the conversion from pixel coordinates to scattering and azimuthal angle {2θ, ψ} coordinates. The arti…
Fracture propagation control in gas transmission gas pipelines belongs to the major design requirements for safe operation at high internal pressures. However, the current tests such as Drop-Weight-Tear Test (DWTT) and full-scale West-Jefferson (WJ) test reach the limits of their applicability with respect to transiti…
This paper represents the fabrication of CoNiP single segment and CoNiP/Au multisegment nanowires. We have fabricated these nanowires by electrodeposition method into polycarbonate templates with a nominal pore diameter about 100 nm. The hystersis loops were measured with the applied magnetic field parallel and perpen…
New technologies for in-ditch non-destructive evaluation were lately developed and are becoming of mainstream use in the evaluation of external corrosion features for both In-Line-Inspection performance evaluation and pipeline integrity assessment. However, doubt was cast about the reliability and repeatability of the…
Back-beveled transition welds for joining unequal wall thickness are often used in gas and oil transmission pipelines, as recommended in the pipeline codes and standards, such as CSA Z662, ASME B31.8, and ASME 31.4. However, one North American pipeline operator has successively utilized a counterbore-tapered design fo…
In this communication, we present the potentialities offered by 2D photonic crystals to trap and absorb photons in thin silicon layers. We will specifically focus on the impact of the photonic crystal unit cells symmetry, and the possibility to increase light absorption and generated photocurrent using multi-periodic…
We demonstrate that the use of silica nanospheres (SNs) with sizes close to the emission wavelength of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can enhance the light output power and manipulate the far-field emission pattern. Near-ultraviolet (NUV)-LEDs grown on a patterned sapphire substrate embedded with 300 nm SNs show a three…
The general trend in oil and gas industry gives a clear direction towards the need for high strength grades up to X100. The exploration in extreme regions and under severe conditions, e.g. in ultra deep water regions also considering High Temperature/High Pressure Fields or arctic areas, becomes more and more importan…
Printed LDPE Film on Rolls. We produce drawstring bags which are mainly used as primary packaging of hydrophilic cotton wool products.
Addition of alloying elements can alter the properties of high-strength linepipe steel. Particularly the addition of Chromium and Molybdenum acts to suppress ferrite nucleation and promote the formation of acicular bainite microstructures and thereby increase the tensile properties of modern linepipe steel. While chem…
Dual threshold setting in CPM (Computational Pipeline Monitoring) systems is a concept to apply two kind of thresholds, namely steady state threshold and transient threshold setting to improve sensitivity during steady state operating period and reduce false alarm rate during transient operating period. Dual threshold…
Current federal regulations in the U.S. require excavation of plain dents identified through in line inspection surveys based primarily on depth. Industry experience, and previous research, has shown that the depth of the dent, alone, is not sufficient to assess dent severity and that releases could occur at dents bel…
Various accessories such as buckle arrestors and J-lay collars are needed in some cases to successfully lay and secure an offshore pipeline on the sea bed. For such applications the using of high strength seamless pipes in Grade X70 and X80 with heavy wall are necessary. However, there is only small information regard…
Based on the appreciable progress being made in quality control and assurance technology for the electric resistance welding process, the number of applications for high-frequency electric resistance welded (HFW) linepipe in highly demanding, severe environments, such as offshore and sour environments, has gradually i…
Pipeline infrastructure is the backbone of the energy industry and remains the safest and most cost effective method for transporting oil and gas. For decades corrosion has presented a significant challenge to pipeline operators. According to Alberta Energy Regulator data, internal corrosion is considered to be the ro…
We have read with interest the comments by Ciesielski regarding our manuscript. The theoretical calculation of the dose enhancement factors caused by metal nanoparticles in a tissue equivalent medium has been used by many authors. This calculation is based on the ratio between the mass absorption coeffi