Materials Literature
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In this work the Pt-Co/OMC as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) cathode was evaluated under fuel-free and fuel-propanol in acid electrolyte conditions. By RDE measurements the ORR on the alloy seems to proceed via 4 e- transfer mechanism in acid media. In presence of 2-Propanol the alloy shows a high degree of tolerance…
The challenging exploration conditions appearing in ultra deep offshore projects promoted the development of high strength linepipe steel grades with yield strength of 80 ksi and higher in recent years. With increasing strength more attention has to be paid to welding procedures to realise the required mechanical prop…
This paper investigates the optimal timing of the first inspection for newly-built onshore underground natural gas pipelines with respect to external metal-loss corrosion by considering the generation of corrosion defects over time and time-dependent growth of individual defects. The non-homogeneous Poisson process is…
In response to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Recommendation P-09-1, the Department of Transportation (DOT) Pipeline and Hazardous Material Safety Administration (PHMSA) initiated a comprehensive study to identify actions that could be implemented by pipeline operators to eliminate longitudinal seam f…
The influence of bicarbonate ion (HCO3−) concentration and related environmental parameters such as pH and temperature on the passivation of API-X100 pipeline steel is the focus of this investigation. NS4 solution simulating groundwater trapped under disbonded coatings at regions where near-neutral stress corrosion cr…
In the energy market, there is an increasing demand for oil & gas transmission pipelines with larger wall thicknesses and from higher strength linepipe steels. Addition of niobium (Nb) to the steel chemistry in combination with thermo-mechanical controlled processing allow increasing the thickness of the linepipe stee…
An innovative engine concept with fuel injection and combustion in a three-dimensional porous combustion reactor allows realization of very clean and efficient combustion. In this paper the combustion process as realized in a free-volume combustion chamber and in porous combustion reactors was analysed under diesel-en…
To meet the increasing worldwide demand for natural gas, there is a need to safely and economically develop remotely located resources. Pipeline construction is a major activity required to connect these remote resources to markets. Such pipeline routes may cross areas containing geohazards such as discontinuous perma…
In this paper, we report the study on formation mechanisms of TiO2 nanotube by using COMSOL simulation of electric domain. The models are built according to existing field-assisted dissolution (FAD) model of the growth of highly self-organized TiO2 nanotubes structures. The simulation of morphological evolution over t…
The Kirkendall effect is conditioned by active diffusion as well as by active sources and sinks for vacancies. In the case of grain boundaries under the condition of negligible bulk diffusion, the Kirkendall effect is highly localized and responsible for the formation of an extra material wedge in the grain boundary,…
Abstract A series of rhenium(I) diimine alkynyl complexes with various electron‐ and hole‐transporting moieties has been synthesized and characterized. Their electronic absorption, emission and electrochemical properties have also been studied.
Pipelines are the least expensive and most efficient way to move liquids and gases, but there is a high potential risk of danger in case of a leak. This paper therefore describes pipeline leak detection technologies and emergency shutdown protocols to ensure reliable and safe pipeline operations. The main focus of thi…
A simple process, based on the mechanical aeration of a powder slurry, followed by gel casting and sintering, has been used to produce 316L stainless steel metal foams. The foams have spherical pores, with a small size range, connected by windows, to create an interconnected, open cell structure. Despite the simplicit…
To introduce and apply Reliability-Based Design and Assessment (RBDA) method to China’s onshore natural gas pipelines, China Petroleum Pipeline Engineering Corporation (CPPE) undertook a research project based on achievements from a series of researches sponsored by PRCI. RBDA method aims to maintain a consistent risk…
Pressure fluctuations are recognized as the driving force for the crack growth of pipeline steels in near-neutral pH environments; however, the crack growth mechanisms are still not fully understood. Difficulty in understanding the crack growth mechanisms is present due to two dilemmas between laboratory testing and f…
The development of predictive tools, such as fi nite element models, to calculate the response of structures subjected to vehicle-borne explosive loads has become increasingly important for the engineering and defence communities. Typically, the development of such methodologies is driven by conclusions that have been…
A simple and eco-friendly green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Common duckweed (Lemna minor) as the reducing and stabilizing agent is reported. Lemna minor (Lm) extract was mixed with silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution for the production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The reaction process was simple and the fo…
AIM: To investigate the temperature rise induced by ultrasonic tips when activated against two types of fragments at two power-settings. METHODOLOGY: Twenty-four F2-ProTaper Universal rotary files and 36 stainless steel K-files, size 50, were sectioned at a point 5.5 mm from their tips. At specific power-settings, ET4…
The 200 kV focused electron beam in the convergent beam electron diffraction patterns mode in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) with field emission gun is able to drill holes in gold and silver decahedral nanoparticles. However, although they are done under the same circumstances, the holes are shapeless in the…
Critical performance of modern high strength linepipe is related to the ability of the steel to maintain mechanical properties in the weld heat affected zone (HAZ). The region most susceptible to mechanical property degradation is the coarse grained HAZ, however in multipass welds, the intercritically reheated CGHAZ (…