Materials Literature
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To clarify the effects of glass composition and heat‐treatment conditions on phase separation and crystallization, time–temperature–transformation (TTT) diagrams for the system (65 − x )SiO 2 ·25B 2 O 3 ·(10 − y )Na 2 O· y CaO· x ZrO 2 , which is used for fabricating alkali‐durable porous glasses, were determined. The…
Navicula gibbula Cleve and its allies have a number of morphological characters which are visible under the light microscope and distinguish them from taxa included in Navicula Bory sensu stricto. These include proximal raphe ends which are sharply and unilaterally hooked and often extend beyond the central area, as w…
The order−disorder transition has been studied in two AB 3 miktoarm stars of styrene and isoprene with SAXS and rheology. A mean-field theory has been developed to treat the most general case of miktoarm stars: A m B n ( m ≠ n ) which provides the phase stability criteria and the static structure factor in the disorde…
Supersaturated Fe-Pd solid solutions were prepared by mechanical alloying. X-ray diffractometry showed that the as-milled alloys were bcc from 0--26 at. % Pd. Saturation magnetization measurements and M\"ossbauer spectrometry measurements were performed on these powders. Consistent interpretations of both sets of meas…
The interfacial chemistry of solvent cast films of block copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(lactic and glycolic acid) (PLGA) have been investigated over a wide range of compositions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and static secondary ion mass spectrometry (SSIMS) were utilized to provide both e…
The deformation mechanisms active in the eta- and alpha-lamellae of a Ti2 48 at.%Al alloy during room-temperature and 800 C tensile loading have been determined by transmission electron microscopy. A marked change in the plastic behaviour of the alpha-phase has been detected between room and elevated temperature, wher…
Samples of icosahedral AlPdRe have been studied for a range of varying resistance ratios R=\ensuremath{\rho}(4.2 K)/\ensuremath{\rho}(295 K). Structural characterization techniques used include x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and diffraction in transmission electron microscopy. The electrical resistan…
The fluorescence properties of Sm3+ and Sm2+ ions incorporated in silicate glasses were measured using steady-state and laser-induced line narrowing techniques and the effect of Al3+ ions to the local structure around the Sm2+ ion was investigated. Sm3+ ion-containing glasses prepared by a sol–gel method were reacted…
An experiment involving the shaking of sets of different sided dice is described. Dice of 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 20 sides are readily available. This experiment serves as an easily understood analogy for radioactive decay and for the more general case of first order kinetics. The shaking of one of the possible numbers on…
We trace the development of the ON/ONO dielectric film and examine the potential of new dielectrics with high dielectric constants such as Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ and ferroelectric materials. We also examine hemispherical grained (HSG) polysilicon, which is an innovative way to increase the effective area of the capacitor.
Various methods allowing onboard hydrogen generation for fuel cell powered electric cars are reviewed. The following primary fuels are considered : ammonia, methanol, ethanol, and hydrocarbons. The catalytic cracking of ammonia allows generation of a CO2-free mixture containing 75% hydrogen, which is consequently suit…
We have grown nickel doped boron–carbon alloy films by the technique of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The source gas closo-1,2-dicarbadodecaborane (orthocarborane) was used to grow the boron–carbon alloy, while nickelocene [Ni(C5H5)2] was used as the dopant source for nickel. With sufficient levels of Ni…
We have used pressure−area isotherms, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and infrared dichroism to study Langmuir and Langmuir−Blodgett films of 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaalkoxytriphenylenes which were selectively di- and trifunctionalized with C n H 2 n −OH groups at the 2,3-, 2,6-, 3,6-, and 3,6,10-positions. The b…
A set of linked software modules has been installed at the A1 station of CHESS, the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, which, with the underlying hardware, allows crystallographic users of the facility to evaluate crystals, collect diffraction images and process the images rapidly and with assurance of the qualit…
An investigation was undertaken to characterize the time progression of the Pt etch process during the dry etching (DE) of fence-free patterned structures. The goal of this study was to clarify the mechanism of fence-free Pt etching. In particular an explanation was sought that could account for the origin of the extr…
Abstract Oxisols contain stable aggregates, and sorption and desorption kinetics for aggregates typically are slower than for disaggregated samples. The objectives of this research were to determine whether aggregation inhibits Fe and Al extraction more in large than small aggregates, and to determine whether aggregat…
A macromodel for nonlinear devices exhibiting hysteresis is presented. Although this model is based on existing ideas of ferromagnetic hysteresis, it can be applied to all hysteresis phenomena by choosing suitable parameters. It consists only of four algebro-differential equations with ten parameters and exhibits all…
Atomistic simulation represents a valuable methodology for interpreting and predicting surface structures. The emphasis of our work is to develop and apply this approach to understanding the role of surface defects and additives in modifying the structure and stability of mineral surfaces. The basis of our approach is…
A new model of ferroelectric phase transitions in disordered crystals is developed. The model takes into account the nonequivalence of the structural environment of identical ions, which alters the balance of forces governing ferroelectric structural instability. In contrast with its predecessors, the new model can be…
Abstract Low‐molecular‐weight poly(ethylene oxide)‐polyalkane (PEO‐PA) diblock copolymers have been examined between the order‐disorder transition and PEO melting temperature using small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical spectroscopy (DMS). Crystallization…