Materials Literature
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In advance of a discussion on structural effects on biodegradation, aliphatic polyesters as biodegradable structural materials were classified into four types regarding chemical structure, that is poly(ω-hydroxy acid), poly(β-hydroxyalkanoate), poly(ω-hydroxyalkanoate) and poly(alkylene dicarboxylate), and reviewed on…
Abstract This paper thoroughly describes the decomposition procedure, using the example of DECOMPXR (Lanson 1990). The steps of the decomposition procedure are: 1) preliminary data processing; 2) decomposition; 3) validation of results; and 4) use of the results. The use of decomposition is restricted to the separatio…
High-resolution 500 MHz solution-state 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra of various poly(lactides) indicate at least hexad stereosequence sensitivity. The poly(lactides) were prepared in vials by melt polymerization of various combinations of l -lactide, d -lactide, and meso -lactide at 180 °C for 3 h using tin(II) bis(2-ethyl…
The Al 2 O 3 ZrO 2 Y 2 O 3 system was studied in the range of temperatures 1600°–2800°C by methods of X‐ray analysis at 20°C, petrography, DTA in He at temperatures to 2500°C, thermal analysis in air using a solar furnace at temperatures to 3000°C, and electron microprobe X‐ray analysis. The stable and metastable phas…
Ceramic lead magnesium niobate–lead titanate ((1‐x)PMN ‐x PT) of different compositions has been prepared by the columbite precursor method. This study discusses compositions ranging from 0.94PMN–0.06PT to 0.60PM–N0.40PT, focusing on two areas of the (1‐x)PMN x PT system: compositions that exhibit electrostrictive beh…
Cathodic polarization curves for the reduction of oxygen and protons on platinum and iron electrodes under thin electrolyte layers ( X f : 1 mm to 10 μm) were measured to elucidate the effects of the thickness and the pH of the electrolyte layer on the initial atmospheric corrosion stage of iron. A limiting current wa…
Polyaniline (PAn) was synthesized chemically and doped with various dopants, such as HCl, HCOOH, I2 and methylene blue (C16 H18 ClN3 S), by an immersion method. The structure of these samples was investigated by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) analysis. Remarkable changes have been o…
In this paper, a newly developed polymer, shape memory polyurethane (SMP), will be introduced. The shape memory polymer possesses the same basic shape memory effect and elasticity memory effect as shape memory alloys. Shape memory polymers can change their elastic modulus up to 500 times around their glass transition…
A refined and generalized version of a previously suggested model of the silica surface, in which geminal silanols are situated on surface segments similar to (100)-type faces of the β-cristobalite structure and single silanols are situated on surface segments similar to corresponding (111)-type faces, is supported by…
Abstract The considerable progress made in the development of fundamental and applied aspects of sonoelectrochemistry, the coupling of power ultrasound into an electrochemical experiment, is reviewed with respect mainly to the measurement and analysis of effects observed in conventional sonoelectrochemical experiments…
Abstract A general kinetic treatment of the system with intermolecular chain transfer followed by fast reinitiation is given. It leads to the broadening of the molecular weight distribution (MWD), the number of growing chains being invariable. Thus, this system can be considered as a special case of living polymerizat…
Hydrosilylation is a reaction widely used in the silicones industry for the preparation of monomers, containing silicon-carbon bonds, and for crosslinking polymers, and results in a variety of products. Hydrosilylation reactions are catalysed by highly active platinum catalysts, such as the silicone-soluble Karstedt’s…
We report the results of nonrelativistic and relativistic gradient-corrected density functional calculations on the interaction of single transition metal atoms with the oxygen sites of the regular MgO(001) surface. The surface has been represented by stoichiometric clusters of ions embedded in large arrays of point c…
By applying the plate count and clear-zone methods, it was confirmed that polylactide (PLA)-degrading microorganisms are sparsely distributed in soil environments. An Amycolatopsis isolate was successfully isolated. Microbial degradation of PLA film was demonstrated; i.e., about 60% of the 100-mg film initially added…
Stable colloidal suspensions of cellulose crystallites with negatively charged sulfate groups on their surface were prepared by acid hydrolysis of filter paper. The suspensions, which were free of added electrolyte, formed chiral nematic ordered phases above a critical concentration. A sharp boundary was observed betw…
We have prepared transparent, super‐water‐repellent coating films of alumina on glass plates by a combination of geometric and chemical approaches. The contact angle for water in the films was 165° and the transmittance for visible light was higher than 92%. A roughness of 20 to 50 nm was obtained, which is too small…
Infrared spectroscopy of a ${\mathrm{LaCoO}}_{3}$ crystal has revealed anomalous splitting of the phonon modes as well as their intensity variation with temperature during the spin-state transition. The observed results can be interpreted in terms of local lattice distortion arising from the Jahn-Teller effect of the…
We report on the application of Raman scattering as a probe to follow the structural evolution of TiO 2 aerogels. We have traced the evolution of the 142 and 630 cm -1 E g anatase peaks as a function of morphology. The results have been analyzed in terms of the q vector relaxation mechanism which predicts a unique rel…
Monodisperse poly(styrene- b -semifluorinated side chain) block copolymers were synthesized by anionic polymerization of poly(styrene- b -1,2/3,4-isoprene) followed by the corresponding polymer analogous reactions. By controlling the block copolymer composition and the relative lengths of the fluorocarbon and hydrocar…
The instantaneous normal mode (INM) approach to liquid state dynamics is presented. INM is put in historical context, and the underlying physical ideas, including the importance of the potential energy landscape, are explained. It is shown that INM can be the basis of a general starting point for dynamical calculation…