Materials Literature
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We report a systematic study to determine local elastic properties of surfaces combining atomic force microscope (AFM) with acoustic waves which is known as atomic force acoustic microscopy - AFAM. We describe the methodology of AFAM in detail and interpret the measurement using simple arguments and other complementar…
A macroscopic elastic description of stresses in static, preloaded granular media is derived systematically from the microscopic elasticity of individual inter-grain contacts. The assumed preloaded state and friction at contacts ensure that the network of inter-grain contacts is not altered by small perturbations. The…
The current regimen of chemotherapy is far from satisfactory--its efficiency is limited and patients suffer from serious side effects. Various drug delivery devices have been under intensive investigation in the past few decades in attempts to develop controlled and targeted methods of chemotherapy administration. Thi…
As the dimensions of electronic devices approach those of molecules, the size, geometry, and chemical composition of the contact electrodes play increasingly dominant roles in device functions. It is shown here that single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) can be used as quasi-one-dimensional (1D) electrodes to construct…
This work discusses the recombination mechanisms and the chemical nature of the emitting centers subjacent to the white-light emission of sol−gel derived amine-functionalized hybrids lacking metal activator ions, such as those based on 3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTES),…
(Na 0.5 K 0.5 )NbO 3 with 0–20 mol% BaTiO 3 has been prepared following the conventional mixed oxide process. High-density samples were obtained through the addition of BaTiO 3 into (Na 0.5 K 0.5 )NbO 3 because of an increase in grain size. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that, during sintering, all of the BaTiO 3…
Multilayer films of shortened multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are homogeneously and stably assembled on glassy carbon electrodes with the layer-by-layer (LBL) method, based on electrostatic interaction of positively charged poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and negatively charged and shortened MWNTs. The fil…
Broadband infrared luminescence from bismuth-doped germanium oxide glasses prepared by a conventional melting-quenching technique was discovered. The absorption spectrum of the glasses covered a wide range from the visible to the near-infrared wavelength regions and consisted of five broad peaks below 370, 500, 700, 8…
A detailed investigation of the reliability aspects in nonvolatile phase-change memories (PCM) is presented, covering the basic aspects related to high density array NVM, i.e., data retention, endurance, program and read disturbs. The data retention capabilities and the endurance characteristics of single PCM cells ar…
A single-step synthesis of gold nanoparticles with an average diameter of approximately 10 nm from hydrogen tetrachloroaureate(III) hydrate (HAuCl4.3H2O) has been achieved in air-saturated aqueous solutions that contain poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymers but…
During the first hour after a sublethal dose of ionizing radiation, 72 genes were upregulated threefold or higher in D. radiodurans R1. Thirty-three of these loci were also among a set of 73 genes expressed in R1 cultures recovering from desiccation. The five transcripts most highly induced in response to each stress…
Acid-base balance is altered in a variety of common pathologies, including COPD, ischemia, renal failure, and cancer. Because of robust cellular pH homeostatic mechanisms, most of the pathological alterations in pH are expressed as changes in the extracellular, systemic pH. There are data to indicate that altered pH i…
Quantum dots (QDs) such as CdSe QDs have been introduced as new fluorophores. The QDs conjugated with antibody are starting to be widely used for immunostaining. However there is still not sufficient analysis of the toxicity of QDs in the literature. Therefore we evaluated the cell damage caused by the quantum dots fo…
The present review focuses on microbial type I fatty acid synthases (FASs), demonstrating their structural and functional diversity. Depending on their origin and biochemical function, multifunctional type I FAS proteins form dimers or hexamers with characteristic organization of their catalytic domains. A single poly…
The effect of substrate-induced strain in polycrystalline ZnO thin films on different substrate, e.g., GaN epilayer, sapphire (0001), quartz glass, Si(111)∕SiO2, and glass deposited by sol-gel process, has been investigated by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, electrical resistivity, and photoluminescen…
Efficient mid-infrared sources are of considerable general interest for gas analysis, remote sensing, and atmospheric monitoring, but existing technologies are limited. Here, we report the synthesis of the first colloidal QDs having photoluminescence (PL) in the mid-infrared. We show particle-size-tunable mid-infrared…
With the goal of developing a pH-responsive micelle system, linear-dendritic block copolymers comprising poly(ethylene oxide) and either a polylysine or polyester dendron were prepared and hydrophobic groups were attached to the dendrimer periphery by highly acid-sensitive cyclic acetals. These copolymers were designe…
Abstract This paper describes the ways in which the major rock-forming primary minerals (olivine, pyroxenes, amphiboles, feldspars, micas and chlorites) break down during weathering, the products that develop during this breakdown and the rates at which this breakdown occurs. The perspective chosen to illustrate this…
Agglomerated cellulose fibrils embedded in a lignin matrix in the cell wall are a predominant reason for the outstanding specific tensile strength of wood. To convert these mechanical properties to practical use for polymer composites, the fibrils were isolated out of sulphite pulp. Depending on the disintegration met…
Abstract ZnO tetrapod nanostructures have been prepared by the evaporation of Zn in air (no flow), dry and humid argon flow, and dry and humid nitrogen flow. Their properties have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence excitatio…