Materials Literature
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ABSTRACT Concentrations of sodium hydroxide, sulfuric and citric acids used in processing gelatin from cod skins affected both yield and quality. The highest yield of gelatin was obtained when low concentrations [0.1–0.2% (w/v)] of sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide were applied to the skins followed by treatment with…
A non‐destructive method for purifying carbon nanotubes produced by are discharge is described. The nanotubes, in the form of a kinetically stable colloidal dispersion in a water–surfactant solution, are separated from the nanoparticles by filtration. The Figure shows that purified nanotubes after two filtration steps…
Atomistic simulation has been used to calculate the surface structures and stability of the rutile and anatase polymorphs of TiO 2 . The surface and attachment energies were used to evaluate the equilibrium and pseudo-kinetic morphologies. The surfaces expressed in rutile were {011}, {110}, {100} and {221} with surfac…
Low hydrothermal stability in hot water and aqueous solutions was a critical problem for many applications of the mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41, compared with conventional zeolites such as Y and ZSM-5. The hydrothermal stability of MCM-41 has been found to improve remarkably by using various salts such as sodium c…
Preface Symbols and Definitions Introduction Thermodynamics of Point Defects One- and Two-dimensional Defects in Crystals Basic Kinetic Concepts and Situations Kinetics and Dynamics. Local Equilibrium Heterogeneous Solid State Reactions Oxidation of Metals Solids in Thermodynamic Potential Gradients Internal Reactions…
▪ Abstract As a molten alloy or any multi-component liquid is cooled and solidified the growing solid phase usually forms a porous matrix through which the residual liquid can flow. The reactive two-phase medium comprising the solid matrix and residual liquid is called a mushy layer. Buoyancy forces, owing primarily t…
Abstract An investigation has been performed of the cell nucleation and initial growth behaviors in the foam processing of polypropylene (PP) in both the linear and branched forms. These materials were foamed in extrusion with the two blowing agents, CO 2 and isopentane. The cell density generally increased with an in…
Layer-by-layer deposition of polyelectrolytes onto poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film is reported as a method for polymer surface modification. Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) (PSS) were sequentially adsorbed to unmodified (neutral) PET as well as PET samples that had been s…
A Brief Introduction to Composite Materials and Manufacturing Processes (T. Gutowski). The Processing Science of Reactive Polymer Composites (J. Kardos). The Processing Science of Thermoplastic Composites (J. Muzzy & J. Colton). The Elastic Deformation of Fiber Bundles (T. Gutowski & G. Dillon). Processing of Textile…
Single crystal adsorption calorimetry was applied to investigate the heats of adsorption of CO and oxygen and the reaction heats for the CO oxidation process on Pt{111} at room temperature. Both sticking probabilities and heats of adsorption for CO and oxygen are presented as a function of coverage. These results are…
Partial table of contents: Fluorocarbon Elastomers (V. Arcella & R. Ferro). Processing of Fluoroelastomers (S. Bowers). Adhesion Properties of Fluoropolymers (D. Brewis & I. Mathieson). Ethylene-Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer Resins (D. Kerbow). Fluorosilicones (M. Maxson, et al.). Liquid Fluoroelastomers (E. Ross & G.…
Research Article| January 01, 1997 Melting experiments on lherzolite KLB-1 under hydrous conditions and generation of high-magnesian andesitic melts Kei Hirose Kei Hirose 1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Tokyo 152, Japan Search for other works by this author on: GSW…
In waste water treatment processes microorganisms are subjected to a feast and famine regime. For sequencing batch processes this is often even more pronounced. Based on literature reports and own research it is hypothesized that in general microorganisms respond to these feast-famine regimes by accumulating storage p…
Large, hard, transparent, mesoporous silica spheres are synthesized in one step by using oil-in-water emulsion chemistry under basic conditions with cationic surfactants and (n-BuO)4Si. The pores are shown by TEM and nitrogen absorption studies to be monodispersed in size, with total surface area over 1000 m2/g.
The properties of amorphous carbon (a-C) deposited using a filtered cathodic vacuum arc as a function of the ion energy and substrate temperature are reported. The sp3 fraction was found to strongly depend on the ion energy, giving a highly sp3 bonded a-C denoted as tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) at ion energies…
The effect of porous composite electrodes on the overall charge‐transfer process in solid‐state devices, such as solid oxide fuel cells, is theoretically examined by taking into account various parameters such as electrolyte thickness, intrinsic charge‐transfer resistance, electrode thickness, and porosity. A model is…
The Mg:Ca ratio at which the calcium carbonate mineral that has pseudohomogeneously precipitated from seawater changes from calcite to aragonite was experimentally determined as a function of temperature. Results indicate a dramatic change in the critical Mg:Ca ratio over a relatively small temperature range. For exam…
The range of chemistries used for tanning leather is reviewed; traditional methods of tanning are explained and the newer processes are described. The areas of tanning include: vegetable tanning with plant polyphenols, mineral tanning with metal salts, in particular chromium(III), oil and aldehyde tannages, synthetic…
An investigation of the effect of trapped space charges on the aging of polymeric insulating materials subjected to thermo-electrical stress is reported in this paper. Possible scenarios of degradation mechanisms, thermally activated, but accelerated by the presence of space charges, are examined. The model which deri…
Modelling and calculations are presented as a first step towards mechanistic interpretation and prediction of radiation effects based on the spectrum of initial DNA damage produced by low energy electrons (100 eV-4.5 keV) that can be compared with experimental information. Relative yields of single and clustered stran…