Materials Literature
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Surface-tethered oppositely charged weak polyelectrolyte block copolymer brushes composed of poly(2-vinyl pyridine) (P2VP) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) were grown from the Si wafer by atom-transfer radical polymerization. The P2VP-b-PAA brushes were prepared through hydrolysis of the second PtBA block to the correspon…
Polyaniline colloids were prepared by enzymatic polymerization using chitosan and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) as steric stabilizers. The resulting nanoparticles undergo flocculation by changing the pH or temperature of the aqueous dispersions. The environmentally responsive behavior of these colloids contrasts with th…
We present a new and simple method to produce superhydrophobic surfaces with ultralow hysteresis. The method involves surface modification of SU-8 using an excimer laser treatment. The modified surface is coated with a hydrophobic plasma-polymerized hexafluoropropene layer. The advancing and receding water contact ang…
The transformation kinetics formulation is the principal factor underlying the constitutive model of shape memory alloys (SMAs). Therefore, the transformation kinetics formulation, which is applicable to any status of stress and temperature, is essential for predicting the material behavior of SMAs. In this work we sh…
In this work a global view of flow-induced orientation in isotactic PB-1 is presented. The shear cell used in this work submits the sample to a homogeneous flow field and can be operated from the low shear rate region up into the highly oriented regime close to industrial processing conditions. For varying levels of s…
Artificial synthesis of hollow cell walls of diatoms is an ultimate target of nanomaterial science. The addition of some water-soluble polymers such as sodium polymethacrylate to a solution of water/oil/water emulsion system, which is an essential step of the simple synthetic procedure of silica hollow spheres (microc…
The photoinduced orientation in polymethacrylate, which has a hexamethylene spacer group terminated with a 4-oxycinnamic acid in its side chain (P6CAM), is explored using linearly polarized ultraviolet (LPUV) light irradiation. Because of the hydrogen- (H-) bonding among the cinnamic acid groups, P6CAM exhibits a liqu…
Ag nanoparticle films (simplified as nanofilms hereafter) on Si for electrochemical ATR surface enhanced IR absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS) have been successfully fabricated by using chemical deposition, which incorporates initial embedding of Ag seeds on the reflecting plane of an ATR Si prism and subsequent che…
A series of composite latexes have been synthesized by seeded emulsion (co)polymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate in the presence of Laponite clay particles previously functionalized by ion exchange with a free radical initiator: 2,2-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) hydrochloride (AIBA). Since the AIBA/Laponite in…
Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) is a very sensitive and selective technique for detecting surface species. Colloidal crystal-templated 'inverse opal' nanostructured gold films have been demonstrated to be excellent SERS substrates by various researchers around the globe. However, visible excitation laser so…
Detailed investigations of the photoluminescence properties of Mn 4+ (3d 3 ) ions in YAlO 3 have been performed in the temperature range 10–600 K. The luminescence of Mn 4+ ions due to the transition consists of two zero-phonon lines ( R lines) at 691.3 and 692.7 nm, which became visible only at low temperature, and t…
The efficiencies of organic solar cells that incorporate light-harvesting arrays of organic pigments were calculated under 1 sun of air mass 1.5 solar irradiation. In one set of calculations, photocurrent efficiencies were evaluated for porphyrin, phthalocyanine, chlorin, bacteriochlorin, and porphyrin-bis(perylene) p…
Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study the behavior of nanoscale water droplets at solid surfaces. Simulations of droplets on heterogeneous patterned surfaces show that the relative sizes of the domains and the droplets play an important role as do the interactions between the solid and the liquid, par…
Cadmium telluride (CdTe) nanoparticles exhibit strong and stable fluorescence that is attractive for many applications such as biological probing and solid state lighting. The evaluation of nanoparticle toxicity is important for realizing these practical applications. However, no systematic studies of CdTe nanoparticl…
The kinetics of single-walled carbon nanotube rebundling have been investigated by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The rate of loss of PL intensity was measured for 12 different nanotubes in three common aqueous surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS; sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, SDBS; and sodium cholate, S…
The soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis can use sugars or organic acids as sources of carbon and energy. These nutrients are metabolized by glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and the Krebs citric acid cycle. While the response of B. subtilis to the availability of sugars is well understood, much less is known abo…
Metal oxide nanostructures hold great potential for photovoltaic (PV), photoelectrochemical (PEC), and photocatalytic applications. Whereas thin films of various materials of both nanoparticle and nanorod morphologies have been widely investigated, there have been few inquiries into nanodisk structures. Here, we repor…
By means of time-resolved optical orientation under strong optical pumping, the k-dependence of the electron spin-flip time (t_sf) in undoped GaAs is experimentally determined. t_sf monotonically decreases by more than one order of magnitude when the electron kinetic energy varies from 2 to 30 meV. At the high excitat…
Electrical current can be completely spin polarized in a class of materials known as half-metals, as a result of the coexistence of metallic nature for electrons with one spin orientation and insulating for electrons with the other. Such asymmetric electronic states for the different spins have been predicted for some…
The electronic conductance of a molecule making contact to electrodes is determined by the coupling of discrete molecular states to the continuum electrode density of states. Interactions between bound states and continua can be modeled exactly by using the (energy-dependent) self-energy, or approximately by using a c…