Materials Literature
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The effects of texture and grain structure on the electromigration lifetime of Cu interconnects are reported. Using different seed layers, [111]- and [200]-textured CVD Cu films with similar grain size distributions are obtained. The electromigration lifetime of [111] CVD Cu is about four times longer than that of [20…
Nanoparticles deposited at the air-water interface are observed to form circular domains at low density and stripes at higher density. We interpret these patterns as equilibrium phenomena produced by a competition between an attraction and a longer-ranged repulsion. Computer simulations of a generic pair potential wit…
A conceptually unique approach was developed to study the interparticle interactions between organized alkanethiol-capped silver nanocrystals. Dense nanocrystal fluids were formed by evaporating the solvent from a ``size-polydisperse'' $(\ensuremath{\sigma}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}12%)$ nanocrystal dispersion on a…
To test the hypothesis that silicification occurs under acid conditions in the silicon deposition vesicle (SDV), the acidity of the SDV of the pennate diatoms Navicula pelliculosa (Brébisson et Kützing) Hilse, N. salinarum (Grunow) Hustedt, and Nitzschia sigma (Kützing) Smith was determined during development of new f…
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of using a fibrin glue polymer to produce injectable tissue-engineered cartilage and to determine the optimal fibrinogen and chondrocyte concentrations required to produce solid, homogeneous cartilage. The most favorable fibrinogen concentration was determin…
The diffusion of oxygen in ultrafine grained, undoped monoclinic ZrO2 was studied using O18 as tracer and secondary ion mass spectroscopy profiling. Samples with a relative mass density of 97%–99% and average crystallite sizes of 80 or 300 nm were prepared from Zr by sputtering, inert-gas-condensation, oxidation, in s…
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Mesoscopically ordered, transparent silica−surfactant monoliths have been prepared using amphiphilic triblock poly(ethylene oxide)−poly(propylene oxide)−poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO−PPO−PEO) copolymer species to organize polymerizing silica networks. The block copolymer acts as a structure-directing agent, as the aqueous…
The physic-chemical processes of decay in building materials and, particularly those affecting petreum materials, obey to different causes as composition, morphology, texture, the orientation of the material in the building and, mainly, its interaction with the environment. Because of their chemical composition, limes…
The effect of incorporation of BaCO3 in portland cement hydration has been studied. From this study it is inferred that presence of BaCO3 in cements makes them require a higher quantity of mixing water. However, mechanical resistances do not seem negatively affected, for a formation of carboaluminates by chemical reac…
New device for non-destructive test. It is designed for "in situ" measurement of the impermeability to air of a concrete coating. The system is based on creating a vacuum inside a cell placed on its surface, and to measure how long does it take for the pressure to be back to the atmospheric value. The characteristic a…
Two reactive methacrylic polymers were synthesized by copolymerization of isobutylmethacrylate with a small amount of either methacrylic acid or glycidyl methacrylate. In a molten blend, the condensation reaction between the acid and epoxy groups leads to crosslinking at the interface between the domains formed by the…
Process viscometry has many advantages in terms of saving time and gaining more immediate information about a process. However, it can also has disadvantages in terms of compromises that must be made in taking a stream of liquid and passing it through a viscosity-measuring element. The latter operation can be a strong…