Materials Literature
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The pattern of the lowest-lying energy levels of ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{12},$ a ferric wheel comprising $N=12$ antiferromagnetically coupled spins $s=5/2,$ has been determined by specific-heat measurements between 0.5 and 10 K and in magnetic fields up to 7 T. Within the framework of a semiclassical model, we evaluated the p…
The electrical conductivity of amorphous boron wafers obeys Mott's T/sup -1/4/ rule. BP and B/sub 12/P/sub 2/ show band conduction. The thermoelectric power of polycrystalline B decreases with increasing temperature, while that of amorphous B is almost constant in a wide temperature range. That of BP increases with in…
In response to intense development of hybrid electric vehicles throughout the world spurred by energy and environmental concerns, Ovonic Battery Company has developed a series of high power batteries suitable for a range of vehicle design concepts. We have developed a 60 Ah HEV battery with a power capability of 620 W…
In the literature there are many papers that allude to the endurance of dielectric materials subjected to electrical stress. Generally it is noted that the endurance performance is reduced by stressing in moist conditions. However, it is important to realise that moisture barriers are often incorporated in cable desig…
Ferroelectric nonvolatile memories offer low voltage operation and fast write speeds that makes them attractive for embedded applications. The fundamentals of ferroelectric materials and ferroelectric memory operation are reviewed. Also discussed is the process integration of ferroelectric capacitors into a CMOS flow.…
The Peltier effect was discovered early in the 19th century but has only been seriously exploited during the second half of the 20th century. This was no accident, since the development of materials that would yield worthwhile thermoelectric refrigeration depended on a knowledge of the physics of semiconductors, a dee…
This paper discusses the phenomena of the surface degradation in the early ageing period (EAP) under indoor conditions. The surface hydrophobicity of aromatic epoxy resin with different fillers was investigated. The lifetime of the insulating materials depends on their withstand against combined electric and climatic…
A novel buried Ti-W self-heating layer structure has been proposed to generate a controlled temperature gradient along the metal stripe. The maximum temperature difference between the highest temperature point of two samples is about /spl plusmn/1.08/spl deg/C. A metal line resistance method was utilized to determine…
Semiconductive tapes are applied to the end turn region of high voltage stator coils to reduce corona discharge at the slot exit region. The nonlinear, stress grading tapes are used to even out the voltage stress resulting in a more even distribution which also reduces the maximum stress level. To be able to optimize…
This paper presents a generalized dynamic circuit model of high frequency transformers, which includes all types of core losses and thermal effects on magnetic hysteresis. This transformer model provides accurate core loss prediction and is suitable for the simulation of transformers used in high frequency switching-m…
We present a theory for the van Hove singularity (VHS) in the tunneling density of states (TDOS) of disordered multichannel quantum wires, in particular multiwall carbon nanotubes. We assume close-by gates that screen off electron-electron interactions. Diagrammatic perturbation theory within the noncrossing approxima…
The gas-insulated transmission line (GIL) has been optimised for the needs of the 21st Century, where high-power transmission lines are needed and overhead lines are often not suitable. It will be used as a power feeder into huge metropolitan areas because energy resources are usually far away from the load centre. Al…
The charge carriers that are responsible for propagating current through a material have different behaviours for different applied frequencies, especially for high frequency applications. It is important to understand the role of several contributing factors. In view of the different applications of ferrites at micro…
As IC technology scales, the performance of ULSI chips is increasingly limited by the capacitance of the interconnects. The interconnect capacitance contributes to RC delay, AC power (CV/sub 2/f), and crosstalk. The use of air-gaps formed between metal lines during SiO/sub 2/ deposition has been shown to reduce the ca…
It is well known that the physical, mechanical, optical and electrical properties are affected by the sample morphology. The aim of the work was to gain knowledge and basic understanding of the morphology of polyethylene materials used for power cable insulation. A permanganic etching procedure with subsequent TEM mic…
The understanding of degradation processes in transmission-class cable joints is very important to the reliability of the operating system. Degradation caused by partial discharges (PD) and their associated characteristics were investigated in model "pre-fabricated" cable joints. Time to breakdown and PD pulse paramet…
The study of the additives-induced modification of structure and morphology of polyethylene, and the correlation between additives used and the properties of the LDPE product, were the aim of our research project.
A new macromodel for general-purpose analysis programs is proposed. This model is suitable for simulation of partial discharges in solid inhomogeneous dielectrics with a large number of voids. It incorporates the classic equivalent parameters of the void, and as a part of a complex electrical scheme, acts automaticall…
This paper handles the practical application of the ultra high frequency (UHF) partial discharge (PD) measuring technique in on-site tests using a resonant test set-up. Application during the service life of gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) is also addressed (on-line monitoring). Tests made during commissioning proved t…
In order to reconstruct the 3D patterns of real electrical trees, we investigated the applicability of computerized tomography method (CTM) and the serial sectioning method (SSM). We also investigated the relationship between the fractal dimension of the reconstructed 3D patterns and that of projected 2D patterns of r…