Materials Literature
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Based on electronic structure and atomic size considerations, nitrogen has been regarded as the most suitable impurity for p-type doping in ZnO. However, numerous experimental efforts by many different groups have not resulted in stable and reproducible p-type material, casting doubt on the efficacy of nitrogen as a s…
AIM: To induce the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Aspergillus clavatus and evaluate their antimicrobial potential. MATERIALS & METHODS: Aspergillus clavatus (AzS-275), an endophytic fungus isolated from sterilized stem tissues of Azadirachta indica A. Juss., was challenged with 1 mM AgNO(3) solutio…
Increased environmental concerns over the use of certain synthetic packaging and coatings in combination with consumer demands for both higher quality and longer shelf life have led to increased interest in alternative packaging materials research. Naturally renewable biopolymers can be used as barrier coatings on pap…
The exotic wave interaction of metamaterials has been recently applied to various cloaking applications, but the metamaterial realization in practical cloaks is still far from ideal. Current fabrication techniques are inherently based on the volumetric properties of metamaterials, which require a non-negligible electr…
The ability to print graphene sheets onto large scale, flexible substrates holds promise for large scale, transparent electronics on flexible substrates. Solution processable graphene sheets derived from graphite can form stable dispersions in solutions and are amenable to bulk scale processing and ink jet printing. H…
Appreciable photovoltaic responses to visible light are observed in epitaxial ferroelectric BiFeO3 thin films by sputtering deposition. The photocurrent direction is opposite to the BiFeO3 polarization vector and can be switched by poling the films in different directions (see figure). The as-deposited films are stron…
MOLREP is an automated program for molecular replacement that utilizes a number of original approaches to rotational and translational search and data preparation. Since the first publication describing the program, MOLREP has acquired a variety of features that include weighting of the X-ray data and search models, m…
MolProbity is a structure-validation web service that provides broad-spectrum solidly based evaluation of model quality at both the global and local levels for both proteins and nucleic acids. It relies heavily on the power and sensitivity provided by optimized hydrogen placement and all-atom contact analysis, complem…
Hydroxypropylation of polysaccharides is one strategy for enhancing aqueous solubility. The degree of hydroxypropyl substitution can be controlled through the pH of the hydroxypropylation reaction. Surface tension measurements of aqueous solutions of hydroxypropyl xylan (HPX), synthesized from barley husk xylans, by t…
Since these properties are dramatically affected by the sizes and geometrical shapes of nanocrystals, various chemical synthetic strategies have been developed to precisely control the aforementioned factors. A representative approach to synthesize semiconductor or metal nanocrystals employs the reaction of precursors…
Flat panel display applications for indium in the form of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) are the most important end uses, more than one-half of the world’s indium consumption. The glass plate coated with ITO which is formed by doping indium oxide with approximately 10% of tin oxide, exhibits electrical conductivity without si…
The present study investigates the use of inkjet technology for the deposition of cellulose nanocrystals onto flat substrates. Aqueous suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals were printed onto glass substrates using a commercial, piezoelectric, drop-on-demand inkjet printer. Poor wetting of the glass substrates impeded…
Diffraction is a useful tool to learning the structure of a crystalline material. The first part of this chapter highlights basic crystallography topics, powder diffraction theories and analysis methods. Diffraction is also effective in studying the structure of nanoparticles and heterogeneous nanostructures; however,…
In the past decade, electrostatic layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly has gained attention because it is a facile and robust method to prepare thin polymer films. The low-cost technique is ideally suited to create chemically defined, reproducible, and smooth films with tailor-made properties. Due to the industrial impo…
Small particle size base metals are produced in a ball mill mechanochemical (MC) reactor. During ongoing milling they react at room temperature simultaneously and in a single process step, to rapidly, and highly selectively reduce by dechlorination persistent polychlorinated organic pollutants, such as polychlorinated…
To understand the structure and reactivity of lignified plant cell walls, ordered cellulose films were developed from nanocrystals (whiskers) to mimic successive native cellulose layers in plant cell walls. The films were prepared by deposition of whisker suspensions in an electric field or by transfer of whisker mono…
Many applications of native cellulose, regenerated cellulose, and chemical cellulose derivatives, such as esters and ethers, involve contact of the material with a liquid phase that contains dissolved or dispersed matter. For most of these applications, detailed knowledge of the interactions of the cellulosic material…
Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of resistance to sliding on expression of superelastic properties of NiTi wires. Methods and Materials. A three-point bending test was performed for 0.014 NiTi wire engaged in self-ligating (Damon, SmartClip, In-Ovation) and conventional brackets (Victory)…
The rapidly increasing interdisciplinary research on cellulose and cellulose derivatives, as well as the broad use of these materials, makes a basic understanding of their properties important. The surface properties of cellulose and cellulose derivatives play an important role in numerous applications. This review co…
Graphene sheets formed by the reaction of carbon monoxide (CO) with aluminum sulfide (<TEX>$Al_2S_3$</TEX>) at reaction temperatures <TEX>${\leq}$</TEX> 800 <TEX>$^{\circ}$</TEX> were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The graphen…