Materials Literature
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<div class="htmlview paragraph">The tightening NOx and particulate matter (PM) emission standards for heavy duty diesel powered vehicles are stimulating the development of aftertreatment systems to reduce NOx and PM emissions from such vehicles. Here we present data on a new system which combines NO<sub>2&…
We have studied the effect of point defects on coherent optical phonons in ion-implanted bismuth polycrystalline films. Ultrafast dynamics of coherent phonons and photogenerated carriers in the femtosecond time domain have been investigated by means of pump-probe reflectivity measurements. The dephasing rate of the A1…
Computer simulations of a model glass-forming system are presented, which study the correlation between the dynamics in real space and the topography of the potential energy landscape. This analysis clearly reveals that in the supercooled regime the dynamics is strongly influenced by the presence of deep valleys in th…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Significant improvements in exhaust emissions and engine performance in an ordinary DI diesel engine were realized with highly oxygenated fuels. The smoke emissions decreased sharply and linearly with increases in oxygen content and entirely disappeared at an oxygen content of 38…
The spontaneous formation of twins in La(2/3)Ca(1/3)MnO3 films below T(S) approximately 105 K is observed by a magneto-optical technique. The twins are revealed as stripes along the {110} directions where magnetization tilts out of the film plane due to the stresses in twins. Their appearance is associated with a mart…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes the function and application of the preoxidation, hydrolysis and SCR catalysts individually and as a combined system for urea SCR both in model gas and engine bench tests. Using the basic system and a non-optimized urea injection strategy 45% NO<sub>x<…
SrTiO 3 has been grown epitaxially by molecular beam epitaxy on Si. The capacitance of this 110 Å dielectric film is electrically equivalent to less than 10 Å of SiO2. This structure has been used to make capacitors and metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors. The interface trap density between the SrTiO3 a…
A high resolution non-adiabatic method for measuring the heat capacity ($C_v$) of bulk samples of condensable gases in the range 7.5-70 K is described. In this method $C_v$ is evaluated by directly comparing the heating and cooling rates of the sample temperature for two algebraically independent heat pulse sequences…
We study the pre-K-edge structure of the resonant X-ray scattering for forbidden reflections (anomalous scattering) in LaMnO3, using the band calculation based on the local density approximation. We find a two-peak structure with an intensity approximately 1/100 of that of the main peak. This originates from a mixing…
A polydisperse system contains particles with at least one attribute $σ$ (such as particle size in colloids or chain length in polymers) which takes values in a continuous range. It therefore has an infinite number of conserved densities, described by a density {\em distribution} $ρ(σ)$. The free energy depends on all…
A scaling approach in the conductivity formalism is applied to lithium tellurite glasses of different compositions. We observe that the hopping frequency can be used as the scaling frequency in the absence of well-defined dielectric loss peaks, and a universality of the scaling of the conductivity can be obtained for…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Compliance with future emission standards for diesel powered vehicles is likely to require the deployment of emission control devices, such as particulate filters and DeNOx converters. Diesel emission control is merging with powertrain management and requires deep knowledge of emi…
We use multispeckle dynamic light scattering to measure the dynamic structure factor, $f(q,\ensuremath{\tau})$, of gels formed by aggregation of colloids. Although the gel is an elastic solid, $f(q,\ensuremath{\tau})$ nearly completely decays on long time scales, with an unusual form, $f(q,\ensuremath{\tau})\ensuremat…
Despite its long history, there are many fundamental issues concerning random packings of spheres that remain elusive, including a precise definition of random close packing (RCP). We argue that the current picture of RCP cannot be made mathematically precise and support this conclusion via a molecular dynamics study…
In clinical diagnosis, gadolinium (Gd) ion/low molecular weight chelater complexes have been used as MRI contrast agents that disperse throughout a particular tissue and cause a brighter appearance in MRI. In order to provide a novel imaging concept for MRI, a contrast agent in which the T(1)-relaxation shortening act…
Protonic conduction in oxide ceramics under hydrogen-containing atmosphere at elevated temperatures is reviewed with respect to oxide materials, their electrochemical properties, conduction mechanism and possible applications. These oxides are unique in respect of the fact that they have no protons as a host component…
Vascular smooth muscle cells derived from the rat aorta were cultured on unmodified or F(+) ion-implanted polystyrene (5 x 10(12) or 5 x 10(14) ions/cm(2), energy 150 keV). In 1-day-old cultures, the cells adhered to the modified polystyrene in higher numbers and over larger contact areas. Increased resistance of the…
Selected theoretical developments in modeling of deposition of submicrometer size (submicron) particles on solid surfaces, with and without surface diffusion, of interest in colloid, polymer, and certain biological systems, are surveyed. We review deposition processes involving extended objects, with jamming and its i…
Many research and commercial applications use a synthetic substrate which is seeded with cells in a serum-containing medium. The surface properties of the material influence the composition of the adsorbed protein layer, which subsequently regulates a variety of cell behaviors such as attachment, spreading, proliferat…
X-ray diffraction (XRD) and magnetization measurements were employed to investigate the effect of Mn substitution for Co on the structure and magnetic properties of Ce 2 Co 17- x Mn x compounds with x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4. XRD patterns show that all samples are single phase with the hexagonal Th 2 Ni 17 -type structure. Th…