Materials Literature
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Macroscopic properties of ferroelectric samples, including those in form of thin films, are, to large extent, influenced by their domain structure. In this paper the free energy is calculated for a plate-like sample composed of nonferroelectric surface layers and ferroelectric central part with antiparallel domains. T…
The contribution Delta_epsilon of extremely small motions of domain walls to small-signal permittivity of a multidomain ferroelectric sample has been a research issue for many years. In ferroelastic ferroelectrics such motions contribute also to their piezoelectric (by Delta_d) and elastic (by Delta_s) properties. Dat…
Many single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) properties near the Fermi level were successfully predicted using a nearest-neighbor tight-binding model characterized by a single parameter, V1. We show however that this model fails for armchair-edge graphene nanostrips due to interactions directly across hexagons. These same…
A pHunction of pH: The silver nanoprism fusion process can be turned on and off as a function of the pH value during photochemical synthesis. With appropriate pH regulation (see TEM images, middle and right), one can achieve excellent control over the nanoprism edge length with a fixed 10-nm thickness and the correspo…
The majority of carboxylic acid groups formed after treatment of a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) material with nitric acid are present on carboxylated carbonaceous fragments (CCFs) (see figure). These CCFs are removed from the SWCNTs by treatment with NaOH solution and identified as carriers of the COOH functi…
We report a novel ligand-induced etching process in which hyperbranched and multivalent coordinating polymers such as polyethylenimine (PEI) react with preformed gold nanocrystals to form atomic gold clusters that are soluble in water and are highly fluorescent upon UV light excitation. These “as-prepared” fluorescent…
The stability of a composite interface of roughness-induced superhydrophobic surfaces is studied. To have high contact angle and low contact angle hysteresis, superhydrophobic surfaces should be able to form a composite interface with air pockets in the valleys between asperities (pillars). However, the composite inte…
Cesium hydrogen L-malate monohydrate crystals are shown to be a promising material for several potential applications. The crystals display an exceptionally large piezoelectric coefficient, d22=23.7pm∕V. They are also an efficient generator of the optical second harmonic of near infrared light, being close to an order…
Polyurethane (PU) is widely used to make artificial heart and blood vessel wells; however, its thrombogenicity in vivo is still in question. The biomembrane-mimetic and water-soluble polymers, poly (2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine-co-n-butyl methacrylate) (PMB), were used to modify polyurethane (PU) surfaces…
L-Valine-based oligopeptides with the general structure Z-(L-Val)(n)-OMe or -OH (n = 1-4) form stable organogels in a variety of solvents, including the inorganic liquid tetraethylorthosilicate. The acid form Z-(L-Val)(n)-OH is a less efficient gelator than the methyl ester, but forms stable organogels in aromatic sol…
Functional core—shell structured composite nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning two polymer solutions in a coaxial system. The core—shell structured nanofibers were comprised of varying concentrations of polyurethane (PU, shell) and a Nylon-6 (core). The resultant nanofibers were characterized by means of scann…
The glass transition temperature Tg of 100 kinds of glassy alloys can be expressed as a function of their valence electron concentration (VEC): Tg=131VEC+57 for metal/metal bonding type and Tg=−236VEC+2375 for metal/metalloid bonding one. The electron valences of the constituent elements of the glassy alloys are somew…
Improved single-phase nanocrystalline BaTiO3 powders may be prepared at 700°C by the sol-gel acetate process to which 1–3wt% Sb is added as dopant. Following calcination at 1200°C, the resulting average particle size as determined by scanning electron microscopy analysis is in the range of 50–150nm. The dielectric res…
Optical tuning of photonic defect modes in cholesteric liquid crystals is demonstrated based on a contrast in the pitch length. Two-photon laser lithography was performed in a cholesteric helix to leave an unpolymerized region in the center to act as a structural defect. The unpolymerized region was then substituted b…
High-energy (40keV) electrons, scattering over large angles, transfer a small fraction of their kinetic energy to the target atoms, in the same way as ions do in Rutherford backscattering experiments. The authors show here that this energy transfer can be resolved and used to determine the mass of the scattering atom.…
Biominerals are characterised by unique morphologies, and it is a long-term synthetic goal to reproduce these synthetically. We here apply a range of templating routes to investigate whether a fascinating category of biominerals, the single crystals with complex forms, can be produced using simple synthetic methods. M…
Poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s (PHAs) are a class of microbially synthesized polyesters that combine biological properties, such as biocompatibility and biodegradability, and non-bioproperties such as thermoprocessability, piezoelectricity, and nonlinear optical activity. PHA monomer structures and their contents strongly af…
This letter reports a strong yellow emission of Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ (YAG:Ce) mixed with ZnS:Ag,Cl under electron excitation. The penetration depths of electron of 1keV and photon of 2.7eV in YAG:Ce were estimated to be approximately 1450Å and 4.65mm, respectively. Deeper penetration of blue light from ZnS:Ag,Cl helps to exc…
Mg-metal hydride systems are potential hydrogen storage media and might be used in hydrogen switchable mirrors. However, absorption kinetics are too slow even with appropriate catalysts. The authors demonstrate the enhancement of the formation of MgH2 by an electric current, thus enabling the hydrogenation of Mg witho…
The authors report on resonant energy transfer of nonequilibrium excitons in an amorphous polyfluorene donor CdSe∕ZnS core-shell nanocrystal acceptor system. By time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, they have investigated the PL decay behavior of the primarily excited polyfluorene in dependence of the con…