Materials Literature
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Abstract This paper primarily explores the influence of the alkali cation (Na or K) on the reaction kinetics, product formation, gel structure, and mechanical properties of alkali activated slag systems. For the same activator Ms, i.e., molar SiO2–M2O ratio (M = Na or K), a shorter induction period, a larger accelerat…
Recent observations suggest that some high-velocity clouds may be confined by massive dark matter halos. In particular, the proximity and proposed dark matter content of the Smith Cloud make it a tempting target for the indirect detection of dark matter annihilation. We argue that the Smith Cloud may be a better targe…
Amorphous indium-zinc-oxide thin film transistors (IZO-TFTs) with damage-free back channel wet-etch (BCE) process were investigated. A carbon (C) nanofilm was inserted into the interface between IZO layer and source/drain (S/D) electrodes as a barrier layer. Transmittance electron microscope images revealed that the 3…
Calculations of stable and metastable magnetic states as well as minimum energy paths for transitions between states are carried out using a noncollinear extension of the multiple-impurity Alexander-Anderson model and a magnetic force theorem which is derived and used to evaluate the total energy gradient with respect…
Self-assembly of stimuli-responsive block copolymers in aqueous solution has attracted considerable attention in the past few decades. Herein, we report a supramolecular modular synthetic approach for the fabrication of photo-responsive block-controllable supramolecular polymers (BSPs) based on the assembly of two hom…
The density-based energy decomposition analysis (DEDA) is the first of its kind to calculate the frozen density energy variationally. Defined with the constrained search formulation of density functional theory, the frozen density energy is optimized in practice using the Wu-Yang (WY) method for constrained minimizati…
Three lignocellulosic pretreatment techniques (ammonia fiber expansion, dilute acid and ionic liquid) are compared with respect to saccharification efficiency, particle size and biomass composition. In particular, the effects of switchgrass particle size (32-200) on each pretreatment regime are examined. Physical prop…
In this short communication we report on the technical implementations of coupling an asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) instrument to a high resolution mass spectrometer (Orbitrap) using an atmospheric photoionisation interface. This will allow for the first time online identification of different fullere…
The possibility to grow in zincblende (ZB) and/or wurtzite (WZ) crystal phase widens the potential applications of semiconductor nanowires (NWs). This is particularly true in technologically relevant III-V compounds, such as GaAs, InAs, and InP, for which WZ is not available in bulk form. The WZ band structure of many…
The reaction of nickel(II) nitrate with isonicotinic acid and 2,6-dimethyl-pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid affords a novel, tetranuclear nickel(II)-based metal-organic framework that exhibits spin-canted antiferromagnetism with a canted angle of 1.65° and high adsorptive selectivity for light hydrocarbons.
In this review, five different applications of isotopic tracers to the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis reaction on cobalt, iron, and ruthenium catalysts are reviewed. By co-feeding molecules containing a radioactive 14C-label and monitoring the fate of the species in the product distribution, researchers have identified mol…
We demonstrate a new solution-processed electron transport layer (ETL), zinc oxide doped with cesium carbonate (ZnO:Cs2CO3), for achieving organic photovoltaics (OPVs) with good operational stability at ambient air. An OPV employing the ZnO:Cs2CO3 ETL exhibits a fill factor of 62%, an open circuit voltage of 0.90 V, a…
The structural symmetry required for long-range surface-plasmon-polariton modes to take place is examined and mapped to asymmetric plasmonic structures. This study leads to a design methodology that facilitates the realization through systematic design of long-range modes in any asymmetric hybrid plasmonic waveguide (…
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have emerged as a potential stem cell type for cardiac regeneration after myocardial infarction (MI). Recently, we isolated and characterized mesenchymal stem cells derived from rat fetal heart (fC-MSC), which exhibited potential to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells and…
Kumada-Tamao coupling polymerization of 1,4-dialkoxy-2-bromo-5-(2-chloromagnesiovinyl)benzene (1) and 1,4-dialkoxy-2-(2-bromovinyl)-5-chloromagnesiobenzene (2) with a Ni catalyst and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling polymerization of 2-{2-[(2,5-dialkoxy-4-iodophenyl)]vinyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (3), its brom…
Main methods for the synthesis of C-ethynylpyrroles were systematically surveyed and described. The reaction mechanisms behind these methods are considered. The reactivity of C-ethynylpyrroles is discussed, with a main focus on cycloaddition and intramolecular cyclization reactions involving the ethynyl substituent to…
Arm-cleavable microgel star polymers were developed, where the arm chains can readily be cleaved by acidolysis after the synthesis, allowing isolation of the core, direct analysis of its structure, and also the creation of functional nanometer-sized microgels. The key is to employ a macroinitiator (PEG-acetal-Cl) that…
For the first time, a patch hybrid coupler that can provide arbitrary power division ratios over two arbitrary frequency bands, is presented in this paper. Complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) are loaded onto each quadrant of a patch hybrid coupler to enable dual-band operation. The unique property of CSRR was…
Hydrodeoxygenation of cyclic vicinal diols such as 1,4-anhydroerythritol was conducted over catalysts containing both a noble metal and a group 5-7 transition-metal oxide. The combination of Pd and WOx allowed the removal of one of the two OH groups selectively. 3-Hydroxytetrahydrofuran was obtained from 1,4-anhydroer…
Germanium (Ge) is a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity. However, its poor cycling stability associated with its large volume changes during discharging and charging processes are urgent problems to solve. This provides opportunities to engineer materials to overcome…