Materials Literature
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The properties of high quality few-layers graphene, produced though multisteps process involving microwave irradiation of expandable graphite, are presented. Such innovative approach fulfills all desirable requirements (so far missing in the conventional methods, e.g. Hummers method) of being reproducible, low-cost, e…
Introduction As lithium reserves in natural resource cannot keep up with Li-ion battery market, concerns about a continuous supply of lithium and increasing of lithium price are emerging. Na-ion batteries are considered as an alternative to Li-ion batteries for large-scale applications due to the low-cost and abundanc…
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) has proven to be a very powerful tool for investigating the properties of all sorts of electrochemical systems. By sequentially applying sinusoidal excitations of different frequencies and observing the system’s response, the impedance spectrum of the system is measured. In…
The electrolyte is a critical component for the safety of Li-ion batteries (LIBs). Under critical conditions it may take part in exothermal reactions with the electrodes which cause a rise of the cell temperature up to critical levels. Once the cell is ignited, the electrolyte may act as the fuel which keeps the flame…
Li2MnO3 plays significant roles in stabilizing the structure and ensuring a high specific lithium storage capacity of the Li-rich layered xLi2MnO3·(1-x)LiMO2 (M = Ni, Co, Mn, etc.) composites (or solid solutions) as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs)1. Nevertheless, it meets challenges in irreversible…
Reactivity of pure molecular fluorine F2 allows the creation of new materials with unique electrochemical properties. We demonstrate that titanium oxyfluoride TiOF2 can be obtained under molecular fluorine from anatase titanium oxide TiO2, while the fluorination of rutile TiO2 leads only to pure fluoride form TiF4. Co…
Recently, sodium–ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted increasing attention because of the wide availability and relative low cost of sodium, as compared with lithium. In addition, SIBs could possess similar chemical nature to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Nevertheless, Na–ion is about 55% larger than the Li–ion, result…
One objective in sodium-ion battery (SIB) research is to increase the capacity of the cathode in order to increase the SIB energy densities. Because of the lower nominal Na content in stoichiometric P2 layered i.e. NaxMO2 (x ~ 0.67; M= Mn, Ni, Co), the extractable capacity for the cathode and hence its energy density…
Metal-sulfur couples are of interest due to the high energy density and potentially low cost of these chemistries. However, the existence of soluble polysulfide intermediates—which exist in all known polar electrolyte systems—has challenged the cycle life and efficiency of these systems. Recently, interest in catholyt…
In recent years, great strides forward have been made in increasing the practical capacity and cycle life of the lithium-sulfur system. Many of the strategies currently pursued involve optimisation of the conductive host structure, in order to maximise sulfur utilisation; coupled with some form of encapsulation of the…
Phosphorus (P), an element of the fifth group in the periodic table, has three main allotropes: white, red, and black. P as electrode materials for Na cells has a considerable advantage in terms of materials abundance and relatively small volume change by sodiation as Na binary compounds and alloys.[1] However, the vo…
Battery systems are energy sources in wide scope of applications such as mobile phones, portable computers, uninterruptible power supplies. Radical bearing organic polymers, also called radical polymers, may be used as cathode- or anode-active materials in batteries. TEMPO (2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl-oxyl) bear…
There is a strong request to improve the safety of lithium battery systems, and researches towards novel generation solvents have been aimed. Among these, ionic liquids (ILs) are excellent candidates as electrolytes and/or electrolyte components in the place of volatile and hazardous alkyl carbonates, resulting in imp…
Ein Verbundwerkstoff aus Titan und Aluminium kann mittels akkumulativem Walzplattieren hergestellt werden. Dabei wird die Dehngrenze angehoben, wenn die Titanlagen nicht abschnüren, sondern laminar bleiben. Die Herstellung eines laminaren Ti/Al-Verbundwerkstoffes ist neu gegenüber den bisherigen Studien. Diese Dissert…
Nanoelectronic devices based on nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted remarkable attention as a promising building block for future nanoelectronic circuits due to their exceptional electrical, mechanical and chemical characteristics. The electrical characteristics of CNTs, such as high mobility…
As the term „lithium nanotechnology” has become widely known, the application of lithium compounds in the construction industry has grown in popularity. The insertion of lithium silicate into silicate paste enhances the strength of the final product through the reduction of free spaces in the modified silicate structu…
A different perspective on the long-standing problem of amorphous solidification is offered, based on an alternative definition of a solid as a porous medium. General, model-free results are obtained concerning the growing dynamic length accompanying solidification and its relation to the growing relaxation time. Crit…
Lithium ion batteries have dominated the world of portable electronic devices over the past two decades and are making their way into the electric vehicle market due to their high energy density. However, recently sodium ion batteries have regained the interest of the scientific community due to the high and uniform a…
The aim of the research presented here was to identify the chemical form of 14C in irradiated graphite. A greater understanding of the chemical form of this longest-lived isotope in irradiated graphite will inform not only management of legacy waste, but also development of next generation gas-cooled reactors. Approxi…
Lithium ion batteries nowadays dominate the market of high power energy storage devices [1]. One of the crucial points for next generation lithium batteries and dual-ion cells for stationary energy storage is the development of lithium salts with enhanced electrochemical stability and without corrosive impact at Al cu…