Materials Literature
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Recently, a new class of reversible electrochemical energy storage systems have been developed that use: (a) the capacitance associated with charging and discharging of the electrical doublelayer at the electrode–electrolyte interface and are hence called electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), and (b) the pseudoc…
A molecular dynamics simulation study of hydrogen bonding in poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/water solutions was performed. PEO-water and water-water hydrogen bonding manifested complex dependence on both composition and temperature. Strong water clustering in concentrated solutions was seen. Saturation of hydrogen bonding…
The mechanism of ultraviolet stimulated emission was investigated in ZnO/ZnMgO multiquantum wells. Stimulated emission induced by exciton–exciton scattering occurred throughout a range of temperatures from 5 K to room temperature. At temperatures higher than 160 K, stimulated emission due to electron-hole plasma recom…
We have designed and batch-fabricated thin-film thermocouple cantilever probes for scanning thermal microscopy (SThM). Here, we report the use of these probes for imaging the phonon temperature distribution of electrically heated carbon-nanotube (CN) circuits. The SThM images reveal possible heat dissipation mechanism…
A random walk model in a one dimensional disordered medium with an oscillatory input current is presented as a generic model of boundary perturbation methods to investigate properties of a transport process in a disordered medium. It is rigorously shown that an admittance which is equal to the Fourier-Laplace transfor…
We report the synthesis of porphyrazines (pzs), or tetraazaporphyrins, of the form H2[pz(An;B4-n)], where A is [S(CH2)3COOR]2 (R = n-Pr,H) and B is a fused beta,beta'-diisopropyloxybenzo group, including the compounds with n = 4 (6), n = 3 (7) and the trans compound with n = 2 (8) (Scheme 1). The synthesis employs Lin…
Highly conductive new aniline copolymers containing butylthio substituent have been first prepared from unsubstituted polyaniline, utilizing a concurrent reduction and substitution reaction performed in the solid-state matrix of polyaniline. The resultant copolymer film after one reaction treatment cycle was found to…
Here we describe the detection of live Pseudomonas aeruginosa using a sensing film containing a fourth-generation hydroxy-terminated polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer (i.e., G4-OH) and SYTOX Green fluorescent nucleic acid stain. The films are configured on simple, disposable plastic coupons or optical fibers and are in…
A hybrid density functional theory method previously developed for heterogeneous silica surfaces has been used to calculate model isotherms over a wide range of pore widths for the adsorption of nitrogen at 77 K within cylindrical pores having a clay-like surface. Using these models and the experimental isotherm data,…
Carbon black (CB) filled polymers display mechanical and electrical properties that depend not only on the volume fraction φ of the filler particles but also on their structure and on their distribution. Recently it has been shown that ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering measurements (USAXS) yield information on the ar…
Reaction of the metal acetates M(OAc)2xH2O with di-tert-butyl phosphate (dtbp-H) (3) in a 4:6 molar ratio in methanol or tetrahydrofuran followed by slow evaporation of the solvent results in the formation of metal phosphate clusters [M4(mu 4-O)(dtbp)6] (M = Co (4, blue); Zn (5, colorless)) in nearly quantitative yiel…
A novel approach for chemical modification of carbon nanotubes was developed, which involved radio frequency glow-discharge plasma activation, followed by chemical reactions characteristic of the plasma-generated functional groups. For instance, amino-dextran chains have been immobilized onto acetaldehyde-plasma-treat…
Inverse metal-stripe polarizers are optical elements that have a higher transmission efficiency in TE polarization than in TM polarization. This phenomenon is explained by the wave-guiding effect of the TM-mode in the grating and by surface plasmons on the metal stripes. The rigorous coupled-wave method is used for ca…
NASICON (Na 3 Zr 2 Si 2 PO 12 ) has been prepared by a nonhydrolytic route reacting OP(OBu) 3, SiCl 4, Zr(O t -Bu) 4, and NaO t -Bu in acetonitrile. The progress of the reaction was monitored by measuring 31 P and 13 C NMR spectra in the liquid phase and mass spectra of the reaction mixture. The spectroscopic analysis…
We present large scale Monte Carlo simulations of polymer blends, cross-linked in the absence of interactions and quenched into the two-phase region. Our results show, in agreement with the experiments, that the characteristic length of the microphases is much larger than the mean radius of gyration of the network str…
The relationship between the self-affine structure of cold-deposited films and the surface-enhanced Raman (SERS) intensity of benzene adsorbed on the films is examined. Based on variable temperature STM studies the structure of cold-deposited silver films is shown to be self-affine with a fractal dimension ∼2.6, more…
General and exact relationships within the nonlocal (pair–site) reactivity context are explicitly derived in the framework of density functional theory. The equations are expressed in terms of linear response functions and associated kernels of the Fukui function and its derivatives with respect to the electron number…
In this paper, the heteroaggregation of opposite sign hard and soft colloidal particles has been studied by static and dynamic light scattering. The structure of the aggregates, as well as the aggregation kinetics, have been investigated. At low electrolyte concentration, where both long-range electrostatic repulsive…
We studied the atomic structure of a multiple-twin triple junction in silicon, formed by the convergence of two ${111}$ and one ${221}$ symmetric-tilt grain boundaries. Molecular-dynamics simulations with the Stillinger-Weber potential and constant-traction border conditions were performed on several triple junction c…
Tunneling spectra are measured on the charge-density wave (CDW) compound ${\mathrm{LaTe}}_{2}$ and the isostructural antiferromagnet ${\mathrm{CeTe}}_{2}$ with ${T}_{N}=4.3\mathrm{K}$ by a break-junction method. In contrast to the well-developed CDW gap $2\ensuremath{\Delta}=0.9\mathrm{eV}$ wide for ${\mathrm{LaTe}}_{…