Materials Literature
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To identify the mite species associated with food products in Mashhad, a variety of stored food products were visited and sampled during years 2011 and 2012. Storage mites were extracted by means of Berlese-Tullgreen funnel. Mite specimens were cleared using Lactic acid or Nesbit’s fluid. Using Hoyer’s medium, cleared…
Nanomaterials are the leading edge to the rapidly developing nanotechnology. For the synthesis of nanomaterials over a wide range of chemical composition, the development of reliable and efficient methods is a challenging issue in nanotechnology. In context to this green synthesis of nanoparticles using biological sys…
Dissolution of volatile molybdenum pentachloride, using a bell-trap, in alkali chloride-based melts gave the unstable octahedral MoCl6-complex ion. Its electronic consisted of intense charge transfer bands and the expected single d-d transition. Studies were made in the melts (LiCl-KCl, NaCl-CsCl, NaCl-KCl-CsCl eutect…
This contribution is a review of the published data on the potassium fluoride-tantalates K2TaF7 and K3TaF8. As new information is reported step by step, the interpretations of the physical processes are being changed and updated. New data are reported on selected potassium fluorido-oxido-tantalates, K3TaOF6 and K3TaO2…
To establish an efficient hydrogen storage and transportation system, LiH is a promising medium material because of its larger hydrogen storage capacity and easy handling based on its chemical stability. LiH generates hydrogen by reacting with H2O and remains as LiOH as the by-product. In the system, LiOH must be retu…
The enthalpies of formation of the ternary system BaF2-LiF-NdF3 were measured by high-temperature calorimetry on a wide range of temperatures (1220 K < T < 1400 K) and compositions. We carried out measurements of enthalpy of mixing on two series of sections. They are on the one hand x(BaF2)/x(LiF) = 3/17, 3/7, 9/11, 6…
The pyrochemical programme developed by the CEA aims to demonstrate the feasibility of a grouped separation of the actinides with sufficient decontamination of fission products. The core of the process is based on two different liquid/liquid extraction steps. The first step consists in the selective actinide reductive…
Transport numbers in the molten system NaF – KF – AlF3 (Al2O3, CaF2) were investigated by the Hittorf method. It was confirmed that in molten cryolite, Na3AlF6, 1010°C, the current is transported almost exclusively by the Na+ cations (t(Na+) = 0.99). When AlF3 is added to a Na3AlF6 melt, the transport number of sodium…
The chemical properties and coordination circumstances of uranium complexes in NaCl-CsCl eutectic melts containing fluoride ion were investigated by both electrochemical and absorption spectrum measurements. Energy shifts in absorption peaks, which were caused by the formation of U4+ fluoride complex were observed whe…
Alumina dissolution in molten aluminum electrolytes has been a subject of intensive studies, and its relation to the alumina physical properties had been attempted through various studies over past decades. In this paper, influence of alumina LOI (loss on ignition) on the dissolution behavior of alumina in cryolite-ba…
Octahedral ionic species are known to exist in molten rare earth chlorides as well as molten alkali metal chlorides containing UO22+ ions. This phenomenon can be utilized in the pyrochemical reprocessing of nuclear spent fuels (MOX co-deposition) in which candidate molten salt solvent systems to stabilize UO22+ and/or…
We have created novel electrochemical processes with molten salt electrolyte and are currently developing some of them for industrial applications. We selected the following four topics and described them in detail: Electrolytic synthesis of ammonia from water and nitrogen under atmospheric pressure Electrochemical fo…
The composition of cathodic products of oxide molybdenum, tungsten, and carbonate containing melts is studied. The conditions are determined for the electrodeposition of coatings of molybdenum and tungsten carbides on different materials. The effect of the conditions of electrolysis and parameters on the composition a…
The formation of rare earth element (REE) phosphates (Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Er and Yb) by reaction with sodium phosphate was studied in a NaCl-CsCl eutectic melt at 550 °C under an inert atmosphere. The composition of the precipitates was evaluated from the results of X-ray powder diffraction measurements. The reacti…
The paper concerns research on the effect of high sulphur coke on current efficiency, carbon consumption and carbon dusting during aluminium electrolysis. Current efficiency and electrolytic carbon consumption tests have been performed with graphite and prebaked anodes with varying sulphur contents. The tests were car…
Understanding the magnetic anisotropy at ferromagnetic metal/oxide interface is a fundamental and intriguing subject. Here we propose an approach to manipulate the strength of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) by varying MgO thickness in the MgO/CoFeB/Ta thin films. We identify that the PMA at the MgO/CoFeB inte…
The electrode processes involving vanadium species were studied at 690–860°C in NaCl-KCl-based melts employing electrochemical stationary and non-stationary methods: galvanostatic commutational, chronoamperometry, chronopotentiometry, linear, cyclic and square-wave voltammetry. At anodic current densities up to 1 A/cm…
Pure zirconium metal is widely used as a construction material in nuclear reactors in the form of alloys such as zircaloy. For nuclear reactor materials, the metal zirconium should have a very low hafnium content of less than 0.01 wt%. So far, there are no efficient processes which dominate the industrial production o…
The corrosion behavior of AISI 316L, 316Ti, and 321 austenitic stainless steels was studied in melts based on a NaCl-KCl equimolar mixture at 750 °C employing spectroscopic, gravimetric and electrochemical methods in addition to chemical and microscopic analysis. Iron, chromium and manganese species constitute the maj…
This paper presents recent developments of alternative anhydrous alkali metal and alkaline earth nitrate and nitrite mixtures with low melting temperatures and high thermal stabilities for concentrating solar power (CSP) applications. First, the known minimum melting temperatures of the relevant binary and ternary sys…