Materials Literature
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The possible reaction path for O–O bond formation has been a point of contention among investigators of water oxidation, but there is a growing consensus acknowledging two main pathways: (1) a nucleophilic attack of water on a high-valent metal–oxo species, and (2) a coupling reaction of two metal–oxo species to give…
This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Pollution of High Voltage Insulators Silicone Coatings for High Voltage Ceramic Insulators RTV SIR Coatings Formulation Hydrophobicity in RTV SIR Electrical Performance of RTV SIR Coatings Conclusions
This chapter describes the fundamental photophysical properties of luminescent inorganic complexes, and common techniques to detect complexes in an intracellular environment. It summarizes their applications in cell and organism imaging. The chapter introduces two-photon absorption (TPA) and upconversion luminescence,…
This chapter focuses on the potential toxicity of food ingredients loaded in nano- and microparticles. Properties of nano- and micromaterials that influence toxicity include: the size and shape of the particles, and the chemical composition. Due to the interactions of the nano- and micromaterials with the surrounding…
The toxicity of engineered nanomaterials (NMs) represents a matter of concern for the regulatory agencies. Although rarely reported as an accidental event in humans, the exposure to airborne nanoparticles (NPs) in polluted environments, urban or professional, can trigger inflammatory or allergic reactions in airways o…
Nanotechnology is becoming increasingly important in a variety of fields ranging from medicine to textiles, and their concentration is building up gradually in our ecosystem. Consequently, the risk of being exposed to nanomaterials has significantly increased. Toxicity testing is essential to properly understand and m…
A recent body of work highlights new applications of Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) for the isolation of known drugs and for drug discovery, metabolome profiling, and for preparing metal-specific molecular probes for chemical proteomics-based drug discovery. IMAC is a method underpinned by the fu…
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant ingredient among various catechins found in green tea, has numerous health-promoting effects; however, its chemical instability and low bioavailability still need to be improved. We herein summarize the remarkable achievements in enhancing its chemical stability and…
In vitro cytotoxicity assays are often used to screen for nanoparticle (NP) toxicity because of their high-throughput capabilities, the advantage for a “yes/no” response, and the cost and time savings associated with using cells as opposed to in vivo models. Although these assays are widely used in NP research and pro…
The biological activity of molecules is modulated by coordination to a transition metal centre. Ideally, this results in a completely inactive system, which acts as a prodrug, from which the bioactive component can be released by a specific trigger mechanism in a spatially and temporally controlled way. This chapter f…
The unique properties of nano- and micromaterials enables exploiting them as carriers for the delivery of active components in packaging systems that exhibit an enhanced protective function to increase the product shelf-life. With growing consumer demand for high quality and minimally processed products, along with th…
This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Different Types of Nanofillers Used in Silicone Rubber (SR) Preparation of Silicone Rubber (SR) Nanocomposites Morphology of Silicone Rubber (SR) Nanocomposites Properties of Silicone Rubber Nanocomposites Conclusion and Outlook
The field of molecular water oxidation by homogeneous iridium catalysts has developed significantly over the last few years. This chapter is divided between a chronological depiction of work in the field and an in-depth analysis based on these primary sources. It focuses on the conditions of each experimental work, as…
Nanomaterials and nano- and microencapsulation represent exciting opportunities for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical scientists. The nano- and microencapsule consists of two components: the core or filling material and the shell or coat material. Polymeric nano- and microparticles can be fabricated from biodegradable…
This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Key Flame Retardancy Safety Requirements Geographical Trends Applications for Non-Halogenated FRP's
This chapter contains sections titled: The Periodic Table of Flame Retardants Transition Metal Flame Retardants Sulfur-Based Flame Retardants Carbon-Based Flame Retardants Tin-based Flame Retardants Engineering Non-Hal FR Solutions Future Directions Acknowledgements
This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Industrial Importance of Mineral Flame Retardants Overview of Mineral Filler FRs Working Principle of Hydrated Mineral Flame Retardants Thermoplastic and Elastomeric Applications Reactive Resins/Thermoset Applications Summary, Trends and Challenges
Increased production of nanomaterials for new technologies, including medical and nanobiotechnological applications, may soon result in the release of nanoparticles into the surrounding environment in the near future. This chapter summarizes current discoveries in understanding phytotoxicity and plant growth regulatio…
This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Main Types of Nitrogen-Based Flame Retardants Ammonia-Based Flame Retardants Melamine-Based Flame Retardants Nitrogen-Based Radical Generators Phosphazenes, Phospham and Phosphoroxynitride Cyanuric Acid-Based Flame Retardants Summary and Conclusion
This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Main Classes of Phosphorus-Based FRs Polyolefins Polycarbonate and its Blends Polyphenylene Ether Blends Polyesters and Polyamides Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPE) and Thermoplastic Polyurethanes (TPU) Epoxy Resins Unsaturated Polyesters PU Foams Textiles Conclusions a…