Materials Literature
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SUMMARY Based on existing formulae for the backscattering coefficient for coated samples, i.e. for samples consisting of one film on a massive homogeneous substrate, a theory for the backscattering coefficient for multilayer structures is derived in a clear mathematical way without using approximations. The resulting…
The use of solid chitin particles for stabilization of oil in water emulsions is evaluated. It was found that the chitin particles can adsorb at the oil water interface, and in view of their surface, properties (γP, γD,) paraffin oil in water emulsions were prepared. Stable emulsions were obtained at high concentratio…
Abstract The MNN Auger spectra of a series of elements, Cd through Te, have been examined as a function of chemical state. The spectra of Cd, In, Sn and Sb do not change shape significantly whether the element is present as a metal, semiconductor or insulator, e.g. Cd, CdTe or CdO. The Kinetic energies of the Auger el…
Rapid firing studies on commercial electroceramics is briefly reviewed with particular emphasis on capacitor dielectrics. In addition to better throughput, rapid firing improves the properties of most of the commercial electroceramics excepting Type II dielectrics. In the case of Type II dielectrics, there is a decrea…
The clothing manufacturing industry is an important user of the products of the dyeing and finishing industry. Major advances in Japan have shown that the use of mechanical property data can assist the dyer and finisher in providing products that are sufficiently consistent for their efficient conversion into clothes.…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">The low temperature properties of fluorohydrocarbon elastomers (FKM) have been well documented using traditional rubber laboratory tests such as brittle point, temperature retraction, glass transition, and stiffness by Clash-berg and Gehman methods. Although these tests are consid…
Approximate methods are developed for modelling the growth and collapse of clouds of cavitation bubbles near an infinite and semi-infinite rigid boundary, a cylinder, between two flat plates and in corners and near edges formed by planar boundaries. Where appropriate, comparisons are made between this approximate meth…
The glass transformation temperature, thermal expansion coefficient, dc electrical conductivity, and IR transmission have been measured for four series of lead halosilicate glasses of the general composition (65– x )PbO· x PbX 2 ·35 SiO 2 (X=F, Cl, Br, I). Although results of these and other measurements suggest that…
A novel method of calibrated doping of Mn in ZnS thin films has been used to study room-temperature cathodo- and photoluminescence characteristics of ZnS:Mn films for a Mn concentration range of 0.07–26.4 wt. %. It was observed that the luminescent intensity increases with Mn concentration up to ∼2 wt. %, beyond which…
A simulation model of the microstructure developed during the reaction sintering of ultrafine silicon powders is presented. The model employs interactive subroutines that describe particle compaction, sintering, and nitridation. The particle compaction model is based on a random particle packing model, whereas the sin…
The anchoring properties of the director at the interface between a nematic LC and an isotropic substrate are discussed. More emphasis is devoted to the special cases of the nematic LC free surface and of the nematic-isotropic interface. Some recent theoretical models for these interfaces are briefly discussed and the…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolybdenum and tungsten complexes with unusual coordination modes of a dibenzotetraaza[14]annulene ligand. From bidentate to tridentate scorpiand coordination by reaction with acetonitrile and from bidentate to tetradentate coordination via electrochemistryJean Marc Giraudon…
Summary To establish a relationship between the molecular structure of polycarboxylates and their growth-retarding influence on barium sulfate, seeded-suspension-growth experiments were performed at various inhibitor concentrations and pH values. Two types of polycarboxylates with a molecular structure based on either…
The extinction factor in finite perfect crystals is calculated from pure dynamical theory. In particular, a detailed solution is proposed for a sphere, in which case the extinction factor depends on the Bragg angle θ and the parameter ( R / Λ ), where R is the radius of the crystal and Λ the extinction length. An appr…
Large oscillations in the vibrational Raman intensity have been observed for thin films adsorbed on a metal substrate as a function of film thickness. The systems studied, N2 and O2 physisorbed on Ag(111) at 14±1 K, have previously been shown to be unenhanced, i.e., the observations are not caused by the surface enhan…
We report the observation of optical nonlinearities induced by thermal effects in polymer dispersed liquid crystals. Experimental data about optical switching of a low power laser beam are presented and discussed
ABSTRACT New UK regulations from June 1989 will enforce the provisions of an EC Directive on the use of sewage sludge in agriculture. Among the requirements is one that sludge should be treated before surface application to farmland. Treatment is needed to reduce ‘significantly’ both the fermentability of sludge and t…
The effect of powder characteristics on the microstructures and dieletric properties of (Ba,Nb)‐doped TiO 2 ceramics was investigated. Two powders were prepared: one by coprecipitation and the other from mixing of reagent oxides. The powder characteristics were determined by TEM, X‐ray powder diffraction, SEM, and cen…
Mixed oxides of copper and aluminum were prepared in porous form by the citrate process under various calcination conditions. The oxide samples were characterized by several techniques to determine chemical structure and texture. Atomic absorption spectroscopy provided the fractions of copper soluble and insoluble in…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect metalation of p-bromopolystyrene using highly reactive copper and the preparation and reaction of highly reactive copper bound to an insoluble polymerRichard A. O'Brien and Reuben D. RiekeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3, 788–790Publication Date (Print):February 1…