Materials Literature
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Many electroforming microstructures need their substrates to be bonded with electroforming layers in micromanufacturing. A controlling current density method to improve the adhesion performance of the copper substrate to the nickel electroforming layer was presented. Lower direct current density was employed to activa…
To investigate the crystallographic structure and the magnetic properties as a function of chemical composition (40–62 at. %) and substrate temperature (Ts = 300–550 °C), we fabricated epitaxial FePd films of thickness 20 ± 2 nm by sputtering on MgO (100) single-crystal substrates. The ordering parameter, measured by…
Piezoelectrical, ferroelectrical, and structural properties of epitaxial pseudocubic (110)pc oriented 500 nm thick PbZr1−xTixO3 thin films, prepared by pulsed laser deposition on (001) silicon substrates, were measured as a function of composition. The dependence of the measurement data on the Ti content is explained…
Nondestructive methods that allow researchers to gather high-resolution quantitative information on a material's physical properties from inside a working device are increasingly in demand from the scientific community. Synchrotron-based microcomputed X-ray tomography, which enables the fast, full-field interrogation…
Two-dimensional periodic corrugation was introduced into the surface of metallic cathodes of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) to extract surface plasmon energy, which is trapped in that surface, as free-space photons. The dependence of the improvement factor of the emission efficiency on the modulation depth of t…
On the basis of our collected material and historical information we assess phytoplankton dynamics in Kondopoga Bay, the Lake Onego in 1993-2011. The summer communities from continuously studied sampling stations contain 100 species belonging to eight divisions: Bacillariophyta, 40; Chlorophyta, 25; Cyanobacteria, 13;…
Thermo-sensitive polymer-grafted carbon nanotubes were prepared by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization and carefully characterized. A reversible, temperature-induced phase transfer behavior of these organic-inorganic hybrids between water (with a decrease in temperature to 20 °C) and a hydrophobic i…
Petroleum-independent and economically viable production of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF) from industrially supplied high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) using a wood powder-derived carbonaceous solid acid in an ethylene glycol (EG)-based solvent was developed. EG-based solvents were preferable to the dehydration of HFC…
MOS capacitors with the ZrHfO-AlOx-ZrHfO gate dielectric structure have been fabricated and studied for memory functions. Without the embedded AlOx film, the capacitor traps negligible amount of charges. With the embedded AlOx layer, the sample traps a large amount of holes or negligible amount of electrons depending…
This paper demonstrates on chip sub bandgap detection of light at 1550 nm wavelength using the configuration of interleaved PN junctions along a silicon waveguide. The device operates under reverse bias in a nearly fully depleted mode, thus minimizing the free carrier plasma losses and significantly increases the dete…
In this study, molecular dynamics simulations of SPC/E (extended simple point charge) water model have been carried out in the canonical (NVT fixed) ensemble over the range of temperatures 300–550 K with Ewald summation. The evaluated thermal conductivity for SPC/E water overestimates the experimental data at 300–550…
In most cellular compartments cysteine residues are predominantly reduced. However, in the bacterial periplasm, the ER and the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS), sulfhydryl oxidases catalyze the formation of disulfide bonds. Nevertheless, many IMS proteins contain reduced cysteines that participate in binding me…
OBJECTIVE: Current medical practice for the treatment of articular cartilage lesions remains a clinical challenge due to the limited self-repair ability of articular cartilage. Both experimental and clinical researches show that moderate exercise can improve articular cartilage repair process. However, optimal timing…
Random surface texturing of an optically thick film to increase the path length of scattered light rays, first proposed nearly thirty years ago, has thus far remained the most effective approach for photon absorption over the widest set of conditions. Here, using recent advances in computational electrodynamics, we de…
Fractures phenomena can be often found in functionally graded materials (FGMs) subjected to thermal shock loadings. This paper aims to develop a set of analytical-numerical methods for analyzing the mixed-mode thermal shock crack problems of a functionally graded plate (FGP). First, a domain-independent interaction en…
This paper presents a five-phase fault-tolerant permanent-magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) used for electric vehicles. In multiphase fault-tolerant PMSMs equipped with fractional-slot concentrated windings, excessive magneto-motive force (MMF) harmonics can lead to thermal demagnetization of the permanent magnets (PM…
We propose a method to quantitatively analyze the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) as well as the efficiencies of non-radiative recombination in the active region (NRA) and carrier escape out of the active region (ESC) by comparing open-circuit (OC) to short-circuit (SC) conditions of InGaN-based light-emitting diode…
We prepared new lithium polymer gel electrolytes with Lewis acid ionic groups on the PVB polymer chain (ionic PVB gel) with the goal of attracting anions to restrict their mobility. The cation and anion diffusion coefficients ( D cation and D anion ), dissociation degree of the salt ( x ), interactive forces between t…
In this article, the linear theory of thermoviscoelasticity for Kelvin–Voigt materials with voids is considered. The fundamental solution of the system of equations of steady vibrations is constructed by means of elementary functions and its basic properties are established. The representation of a Galerkin-type solut…
Phase separation and transformation induced by electrochemical ion insertion are key processes in achieving efficient energy storage. Exploration of novel insertion electrode materials/reactions is particularly important to unravel the atomic/molecular-level mechanism and improve the electrochemical properties. Here,…