Materials Literature
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Abstract Scale formation presents a flow assurance challenge to the oil and gas industry. Scale inhibitor squeeze treatments are the most common method used to prevent scale deposition in subsurface applications. Software tools exist which are routinely used to assist with the challenges posed by scale. An important s…
Abstract The Veslefrikk field, located in block 30/3 of the Norwegian sector of the North Sea, has been on production since 1989 and is in the decline phase. Due to seawater injection, commingled production and high reservoir temperature, severe tendency towards deposition of sulphate and carbonate scale has been obse…
Abstract Water circulating during steam flooding to recover additional oil from reservoirs often becomes enriched in dissolved silica. As the silica concentration increases in the water, silicate minerals become supersaturated. At supersaturation conditions, amorphous silica and metal silicates may deposit in heat exc…
THP ethers were formed cleanly during photolysis of 3,4-dihydro-2 H-pyran, an alcohol, and catalytic 1,5-dichloro-9,10-anthraquinone with use of visible light. The reaction could be conducted under ambient fluorescent lighting or with sunlight as well as in a Rayonet reactor. The scope and mechanism are discussed.
The electronic band structures of the LaOFeP superconductor have been calculated theoretically by the first-principles method and measured experimentally by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). The calculations indicate that the Fe atom in a LaOFeP crystal shows a weak magnetic moment ($0.14{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}…
Abstract In attempt to enhance the compatibility of PET/LDPE blends by using a proper functionalized polymer as third component, diethyl maleate (DEM)‐functionalized ultralow density poly(ethylene) (ULDPE‐ g ‐DEM) and styrene‐ b ‐(ethylene‐ co ‐1‐butene)‐ b ‐styrene triblock copolymer (SEBS‐ g ‐DEM) were prepared by r…
We fabricated different hierarchical organic nanostructures on each side of a supramolecular film, by using hydrogen-bonding interactions between tetrapyridylporphyrin and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid at the H2O/CHCl3 interface. The surface of the film that faces water is composed of nanoprism arrays, whereas the…
Abstract This paper discusses the research on scale inhibition and squeeze performance in the presence of a transition metal ion, such as Zn2+. Some scale inhibitors have poor retention characteristics in conventional squeeze treatment, where less than 50% of the inhibitors are retained in the formation. In this study…
The force-constant calculation based on molecular-dynamics simulations is carried out to investigate the effect of axial strain on the Raman modes of $(n,n)$ and $(n,0)$ single-wall carbon nanotubes. It is found that the frequencies of both radial breathing mode (RBM) and tangential modes (TMs) upshift in compression…
Cadmium sulfide and lead sulfide semiconducting nanoparticle chains have been fabricated for the first time by exploiting a general property of proteins, amyloidogenicity. The diameter of the CdS and PbS nanowires was tuned in the range of ∼50 to ∼350 nm by changing the process parameters. The nanoparticle chains were…
Abstract Polyacetylenes ( P1–P4 ) containing different stilbene groups, [(CHC) PhCHCHPhR] n (ROC m H 2m+1 ( m = 4 ( P1 ), 10 ( P2 ), 16 ( P3 )), or NO 2 ( P4 )) were designed and synthesized, respectively, using [Rh(nbd)Cl] 2 as a catalyst. Their structures and properties were characterized and evaluated by F…
Abstract Fingerprinting of the degradation product patterns by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) was evaluated as a tool to monitor the degree of degradation in polyester‐ether networks. Four different crosslinked caprolactone (CL) and/or 1,5‐dioxepan‐2‐one (DXO) networks were subjected to hydrolytic…
Abstract Field engineers and reservoir modelers often question if equilibrium conditions prevail downhole and when do super(sub)saturation conditions exist. This is especially critical in designing seawater injection for pressure maintenance due to serious barite scale problem in barium containing formation. The objec…
Abstract Inhibitor squeeze treatments have been regularly carried out to prevent both sulphate and carbonate scale depositions in a North Sea field since 1990s. Some of the wells, in which the fluid is producing from the "clean" sandstone formation, had experienced a relatively short squeeze life when a conventional p…
Abstract In North Sea oil and gas fields, seawater injection is used for reservoir pressure support. Formation water and seawater mixing may lead to sulphate scaling in the near wellbore area, tubing and process systems. Scale inhibitor squeeze treatments are applied to protect the producers and extend the field lifet…
An activated-carbon (AC) assisted route is developed to synthesize a ZnO nanoparticle network. The route involves simple addition of AC to the solution containing the zinc salt and finally removing them by burning at higher temperature to form a sponge-like porous ZnO nanoparticles. The surface area measurements show…
We show that the continuous cholesteric fingers, which form in homeotropic samples at the unwinding temperature of the cholesteric phase, drift and spiral when they are subjected to a temperature gradient. This phenomenon is attributed to the appearance of a Lehmann thermomechanical torque. Measurements of the finger…
Abstract The yield behavior of commercial homopolymer polypropylene modified by elastomeric metallocene‐catalyzed polyolefin blends was investigated by carrying out uniaxial tension, uniaxial compression, plane strain compression, and simple shear mechanical tests. Investigation was performed using specimens machined…
Abstract A new method for detection of polymer-based scale inhibitors is presented. This method is based on traditional chromatographic technique (HPLC) combined with a novel detection system. Real samples were obtained from several commercial squeeze programs performed on various North Sea fields. The scale inhibitor…
The atomic structure of the graphene/α-SiO(2)(0001) interface under electric field F with different intensities is studied using the density functional theory method. Simulation results indicate that the atomic structure of the graphene/α-SiO(2)(0001) interface has only a slight change under the condition of F≤0.02 au…