Materials Literature
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Raman and infrared spectroscopy were used to determine the structure of and its reaction products in chromate conversion coatings (CCCs) on AA 2024-T3 aluminum aircraft alloy. In addition, Raman spectroscopy was used to monitor CCC growth rates and their dependence on coating bath composition. The IR and Raman spectra…
Under steady shear, a foam relaxes stress through intermittent rearrangements of bubbles accompanied by sudden drops in the stored elastic energy. We use a simple model of foam that incorporates both elasticity and dissipation to study the statistics of bubble rearrangements in terms of energy drops, the number of nea…
Complex perovskites, of the types A2(B′B″)O6 and A3(B′B2″)O9, (in which A ions are always 2+, B′ ions are 3+ and 2+, respectively, and B″ ions are 5+), can become good high-temperature protonic conductors when they are made nonstoichiometric by increasing the concentration of the B′ ions at the expense of the B″ ions.…
Recent experimental and numerical results clearly show that blazed-binary diffractive elements outperform their standard blazed-échelette counterparts in the resonance domain. A theoretical study of one-dimensional blazed-binary gratings shows that the reason for this high efficiency is a waveguiding effect. The elect…
Abstract The universal capabilities of high resolution spot profile analysis low energy electron diffraction for in situ studies of surface morphology and surface defects will be discussed and demonstrated. The position of the diffraction spots is used to determine lateral lattice constants, step heights and the strai…
Long lasting phosphorescence (LLP) and photostimulated luminescence (PSL) were found in reduced calcium aluminate glasses activated with Tb3+ ions. The LLP from Tb3+ was observed by illuminating the Tb3+ 4f→5d charge transfer band with ultraviolet (UV) 254 nm light, while the PSL was seen by stimulating the UV-illumin…
We analyze the behavior of a suspension of rigid-rod-like particles in shear flow using a modified version of the Doi model, and construct diagrams for phase coexistence under conditions of constant imposed stress and constant imposed strain rate, among paranematic, flow-aligning nematic, and log-rolling nematic state…
Abstract Increasing the thermal and electrical conductivity of typically insulating polymers, such as nylon 6,6, opens new markets. A thermally conductive resin can be used for heat sink applications. An electrically conductive resin can be used in static dissipative and Electromagnetic Interference/Radio Frequency In…
It has been estimated that half the annual health care budget in the United States is spent on patients suffering from tissue loss and late stage organ failure. Critical limitations inherent in traditional therapies call for novel tissue and organ replacement strategies. This paper discusses development of biomaterial…
The localization index (LI), which is defined as the ratio of the standard deviation and the root square mean (rms) of current fluctuation determined in electrochemical noise measurements, can have values between 0 and 1. It has been proposed in the literature that the LI can be used to determine the nature of the pre…
X-ray diffraction data processing proceeds through indexing, pre-refinement of camera parameters and crystal orientation, intensity integration, post-refinement and scaling. The DENZO program has set new standards for autoindexing, but no publication has appeared which describes the algorithm. In the development of th…
Abstract Li + , Na + , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Cu 2+ , or Zn 2+ -saturated samples of a cis -vacant montmorillonite from Linden, Bavaria, were heated to temperatures between 200–700°C. Half of each heated sample was subsequently autoelaved under steam at 200°C (∼1.5 MPa) to promote rehydroxylation. The smectites were characte…
High strain rate unconfined compressional tests on concrete are simulated by a 3D discrete-element method. The laboratory data set was provided by three unconfined experiments on a split Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus at very high strain rates (350–700 s−1). This numerical method was chosen because it is well adapte…
Following a critical analysis of the dioxygenase literature and injection of the insights therein into the development of new dioxygenase catalysts, two new, of four total exemplary, polyoxoanion precatalysts have been synthesized, characterized, and then discovered to exhibit record catalytic lifetime 3,5-di- tert -b…
Fermentation strategies for production of high concentrations of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(3HB-co-3HV)] with different 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) fractions by recombinant Escherichia coli harboring the Alcaligenes latus polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis genes were developed. Fed-batch cultures of re…
Novel biodegradable bacterial plastics, made up of units of 3-hydroxy-n-phenylalkanoic acids, are accumulated intracellularly by Pseudomonas putida U due to the existence in this bacterium of (i) an acyl-CoA synthetase (encoded by the fadD gene) that activates the aryl-precursors; (ii) a beta-oxidation pathway that af…
A review of basic physical phenomena underlying the light-induced molecular reorientation in nematic liquid crystals is presented. A detailed description of the mechanisms of direct optical torque, photoisomerization and photorefractivity and of their effect on the macroscopic order of liquid crystals is reported. The…
Unexpected electron transfer and linkage isomerization led to the formation of FeII0.23FeIII0.72MnIII0.02MnIV0.03[MnIV(CN)6]0.23[MnIII(CN)6]0.72[FeIII(CN)6]0.02[FeII-(CN)6]0.03 from the reaction of [FeII(NCMe)6]2+and [MnIV(CN)6]2−. Hydration leads to further electron transfer and linkage isomerization to form {FeII0.1…
A new amphiphilic GdIII chelate, which is capable of forming micelles in aqueous solution (see diagram), has been synthesized. Due to this self-aggregation, the compound has a long rotational correlation time and, consequently, has high proton relaxivities that thus far have only been obtained with macromolecular comp…
A poly(ethylene oxide)-b-polystyrene (PEO-b-PS) diblock copolymer having a number-average molecular weight $({M}_{n})$ of 11 000 g/mol in the PEO blocks and an ${M}_{n}$ of 5200 g/mol in the PS blocks has been synthesized (with a volume fraction of the PEO blocks of 0.66 in the molten state). Differential scanning cal…