Materials Literature
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A direct-polish process has applied to the ultra low-k dielectric without the etch stop layer to reduce effective dielectric constant in damascene interconnects. In this study, the direct-polish process on organic non-porous dielectric, fluorocarbon (k=2.2), was demonstrated and an optimum direct-polish process condit…
This paper introduces a new measurement setup for extraction of the local magnetic properties. With the help of finite element method simulations, modifications are made on the previous double-C-yoke method. Small dimension measuring coils are applied in the stray field produced by the magnetic circuit to evaluate the…
Global annual production of bioethanol exceeds 36,500 million liters and that of biodiesel exceeds 3,524 million liters. During production, transportation and usage, biofuels come in contact with various materials (metals and non-metals). Therefore it is important to understand the influence of biofuels on materials a…
A polymerizable amphiphile polymer containing PEG was synthesized and used to encapsulate quantum dots in micelles. The quantum dot micelles were then polymerized using a "clean" electron beam process that did not require any post-irradiation purification. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the polymerized micell…
The illite layer content of mixed-layer illite/smectite (I/S) in a 2.5 m thick, zoned, metabentonite bed from Montana decreases regularly from the edges to the center of the bed. Traditional X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern modeling using Markovian statistics indicated that this zonation results from a mixing in differ…
Anode gas recycle (AGR) is one of the methods to enhance fuel utilization. In this paper, electrochemical performance of a single planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) was investigated with/without AGR. Cell performance at AGR was successfully evaluated by our simulated-reformate generator without carrying out AGR actua…
The surface potential decay evolutions with time after negative corona discharge of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) have been recorded for different charging levels. It was observed that there was a significant increase in the surface potential decay rate with the increase of charging levels. Electrical conduction cha…
The solubility of prednisone acetate in ethanol, ethyl acetate, 1,2-dichloroethane, methanol, and chloroform has been determined by a dynamic method. The experimental data were correlated with the Apelblat equation and an exponential function equation. The solubility correlated by the model showed good agreement with…
Double-gate carbon nanotube field effect transistors (DG-CNTFETs) are novel devices showing an interesting property that consists of controlling the p- or n-type behavior during the device operation. This opens up the opportunity for novel design paradigms. Based on a compact physical model of these devices, we demons…
Ca(Fe${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$Co${}_{x}$)${}_{2}$As${}_{2}$ single crystals with a concentration $x=0.032$, 0.039, 0.051, 0.056, and 0.063 were prepared and investigated by means of magnetic susceptibility and neutron diffraction combined with $\mathit{in} \mathit{situ}$ electrical resistivity. The $x$-$T$ phase diagram…
To investigate the behavior of the As 4 S 4 molecule within a crystal-chemical environment differing from realgar, α-As 4 S 4 , and its high-temperature polymorph, β-As 4 S 4 , the effects of the light exposure on the structure of the HgI 2 ·As 4 S 4 adduct have been studied. The structure of this compound consists of…
The effect of hydrostatic pressure on piezoelectric materials is a crucial factor for underwater device design. In this work, the dielectric, elastic, and piezoelectric properties of Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 –0.33PbTiO 3 [PMNT (67/33)] ceramics were investigated under pressure from 0.1 to 455 MPa. The dielectric permitti…
From fundamental considerations of the surface chemistry of Si etching in fluoride solutions as well as pore formation and propagation, we develop a mechanistic understanding of what must be known for rational development of etchants: (1) an acidic fluoride solution because the presence of OH- promotes step flow etchi…
Spark plasma sintering is a powerful method to produce fine grain dense ferrite at low temperature. However the process, usually conducted in neutral atmosphere in a carbon die, yields carbon surface deposition and the reduction of Fe3+ into Fe2+. It is shown that subsequent annealing in air can remove carbon and unde…
Nanostructured carbon films with oriented graphitic planes can be deposited by applying energetic carbon bombardment. The present work shows the possibility of structuring graphitic planes perpendicular to the substrate in following two distinct ways: (i) applying sufficiently large carbon energies for deposition at r…
Abstract The effect of alloying on the adsorption of atomic hydrogen was studied using density functional theory (DFT). In the study the (100) surfaces of Pd-Ag, Pd-Pt, Pd-Au, Pt-Ag, and Pt-Au alloys were considered by means of a cluster model. The structural and energetic properties of the H atom adsorbed on the Pd4M…
Growing X-ray grade crystals of a specific protein is a process of trial and error. Usually, hundreds or even thousands of conditions are screened in order to identify useful crystallization conditions. Heterogeneous nucleants have been shown to increase the success rate of crystallization trials, and (human) hair has…
A library of novel, lipid-modified derivatives of ascorbic acid was shown to exhibit highly attractive properties as surfactants, emulsifiers, oil soluble antioxidants, and highly effective gelators in organic solvents and especially water. In these systems, intermolecular hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces act…
Abstract A novel toughening modifier, styrene–isoprene–butadiene rubber (SIBR), was used to improve the impact resistance and toughness of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) resin via bulk polymerization. For comparison, two kinds of ABS samples were prepared: ABS‐1 was toughened by a conventional modifier (a low‐c…
The understanding of the anisotropic magnetization mechanism in 3%Si steel is relevant to both the design of the electrotechnical applications of 3%Si steel and the fundamental materials science of soft magnetic materials. In the present study, the relation between the anisotropic magnetic properties and the magnetiza…